Ammonia is a product of protein metabolism, formed in all tissues. The largest amount of ammonia( 80%) is formed inside the intestines under the influence of bacteria. Nitrogenous compounds su...

The concentration of digoxin in serum when used in therapeutic doses is 0.8-2 ng / ml( 1.2-2.7 nmol / l).Toxic concentration - more than 2 ng / ml( more than 2,7 nmol / l). The digoxin half...

ESR is directly proportional to the mass of erythrocytes, the difference in the density of erythrocytes and plasma and inversely proportional to the viscosity of the plasma. Reference values ​...

HC is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of approximately 46,000, consisting of two subunits, alpha and beta. The protein is secreted by trophoblast cells. HC is detected in the serum of t...

Wilson-Konovalov's disease( hepatolenticular degeneration) is a disease caused by a hereditary copper exchange defect( * 277900, 13q14.3-q21.1, ATP7B p-polypeptide mutation of Cu2 + -transport...

Reference values ​​of the activity of total LDH in serum are 208-378 IU / l. LDG - a glycolytic zinc-containing enzyme that reversibly catalyzes the oxidation of L-lactate to pyruvic acid,...

Autoimmune mechanisms play an important role in the pathogenesis of a number of liver diseases: chronic active hepatitis, chronic autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosi...

The reference value of the activity of factor XIII in blood plasma is 100%. Factor XIII( fibrin-stabilizing factor, fibrinase) refers to P2-glycoproteins. It is present in the vascular wall...

Lymphocytes - the main cellular element of the immune system - are formed in the bone marrow, actively function in the lymphoid tissue. The main function of lymphocytes is to recognize the ali...

Reference values ​​of HER-2 / neu concentration in blood serum - less than 15 ng / ml. The HER-2 / neu - human epidermal growth factor receptor is a protein found on normal cells of epider...

As usual, there are no antispermatous AT in the serum of . In men, antispermal ATs are formed as a result of an autoimmune reaction to the spermatogenic epithelium. Etiological factors, su...

Xanthochromic coloring( yellow, yellow-gray, yellow-brown, green) appears with jaundice;tumors of the brain, rich in blood vessels and close to the cerebrospinal fluid;cysts;subarachnoidal admini...

Anti-HBe in serum is normal. The appearance of anti-HBe, AT usually indicates an intensive elimination of HBV virus from the body and a minor infection of the patient. These ATs appear in ...

Rubella( rubeola) is an acute infectious anthroponotic disease transmitted by airborne droplets. The causative agent of rubella is attributed to the family Togaviridae, the genus Rubivirus....

The point of division is considered the content of AT to tissue transglutaminase in the serum above 10 IU / ml for the IgA class, and above 10 IU / ml for IgG. Tissue transglutaminase belon...

At present, chemical urine tests are carried out on automated analyzers using test strips that provide information on 8-12 parameters of urine. pH.Normally, the pH of urine is usually weakly a...

ADH is a peptide consisting of 9 amino acid residues. It is synthesized as a prohormone in hypothalamic neurons, whose bodies are located in supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. The gene for AD...

Hypophosphatemia may occur due to impaired absorption of phosphate in the intestine, increasing its excretion by the kidneys or moving into the cells. Severe hypophosphatemia( less than 1 mg% ...