Acne rash on the face: photos, causes and treatment at home
Acne is manifested as an inflammation of the sebaceous glands, which occurs against the background of their blockage, as well as excessive sebum secretion.
Most often, acne affects young people and adolescents during puberty.
Despite the fact that many people perceive acne as a minor cosmetic defect, this disease, especially in severe stages, significantly disfigures the skin, and without proper treatment can lead to further scarring.
In most cases, the appearance of acne in a person is associated with hormonal changes in his body. It is for this reason that this disease is very common in young people.
This is due to the fact that in some people the sebaceous glands react too actively to the increasing amount of the testosterone hormone, which begins to be intensively produced during the pubescent period.
In addition to testosterone, a similar reaction may be caused by an increase in the levels of such hormones as dehydroepiandrosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and also insulin-like growth factor 1. Numerous studies have also shown that the appearance of acne is in most cases hereditary.
In addition, the provoking factors of acne are:
See also how to get rid of pimples on the face.
Acne can exist in several forms, the most common among which are:
In the first stage, vulgar acne looks like a closed nodule of small size - the so-called comedones. With favorable reasons and lack of treatment, an increase in the number of comedones is diagnosed, hyperkeratosis of the skin is noted, the presence of pustules with pus inside. Such symptoms are characteristic of the second and third stages of the disease.
With further progression of the disease, the problem areas of the skin are almost completely covered with rashes that merge with each other. Symptoms are associated with pain in the affected area, immunity worsens.
White eels are popularly known as potholes. They, as a rule, are localized on the face - near the eyes or on cheekbones. Such blackheads look like small white dots. They are formed in the event that sebum does not leave the sebaceous gland, but there are no inflammatory processes, and the sebaceous gland does not expand.
Traditional medicine offers to treat acne, primarily with local medications. The composition of these creams and ointments can include various active substances: antibiotics, antiseptics, retinoids, acids. All of them have different spectrum of action, therefore they are appointed exclusively by the attending physician-dermatologist.
In severe stages of acne, antibiotics can also be given in the form of tablets or injections. High efficiency is given also by treatment with isotretinoin belonging to the group of retinoids. However, despite the positive results, this drug also has a serious side effect, so its purpose should be maximally reasoned.
Since acne is often associated with an unstable hormonal background, hormone-based drugs are also used for its therapy. In this case, we are talking about the treatment of acne in women, in whom they are often satellites of such conditions as polycystic ovary, or premenstrual syndrome. With such pathologies, contraceptives, anti-androgens, and estrogens are used.
When treating acne on the face at home, it is important to carefully follow the rules of personal hygiene. To avoid complications, you should use special cosmetics. In certain cases, solar procedures or a solarium can be useful. Also, after consulting a doctor, you can resort to a number of cosmetic procedures, such as facial cleansing or peeling.
Most often, acne affects young people and adolescents during puberty.
Despite the fact that many people perceive acne as a minor cosmetic defect, this disease, especially in severe stages, significantly disfigures the skin, and without proper treatment can lead to further scarring.
Causes of acne on the face
In most cases, the appearance of acne in a person is associated with hormonal changes in his body. It is for this reason that this disease is very common in young people.
This is due to the fact that in some people the sebaceous glands react too actively to the increasing amount of the testosterone hormone, which begins to be intensively produced during the pubescent period.
In addition to testosterone, a similar reaction may be caused by an increase in the levels of such hormones as dehydroepiandrosterone, dihydrotestosterone, and also insulin-like growth factor 1. Numerous studies have also shown that the appearance of acne is in most cases hereditary.
In addition, the provoking factors of acne are:
- stress states
- use of steroids
- use of drugs that contain halogens, barbiturates or lithium
- of the disease of the digestive tract
See also how to get rid of pimples on the face.
Types and basic forms of acne on the face
Acne can exist in several forms, the most common among which are:
- vulgar acne
- atheroma
- whiteheads
In the first stage, vulgar acne looks like a closed nodule of small size - the so-called comedones. With favorable reasons and lack of treatment, an increase in the number of comedones is diagnosed, hyperkeratosis of the skin is noted, the presence of pustules with pus inside. Such symptoms are characteristic of the second and third stages of the disease.
With further progression of the disease, the problem areas of the skin are almost completely covered with rashes that merge with each other. Symptoms are associated with pain in the affected area, immunity worsens.
White eels are popularly known as potholes. They, as a rule, are localized on the face - near the eyes or on cheekbones. Such blackheads look like small white dots. They are formed in the event that sebum does not leave the sebaceous gland, but there are no inflammatory processes, and the sebaceous gland does not expand.
Atheroma is one of the most complex types of acne. It is a large purulent node, which is located deep under the skin. Atheromas can lead to serious complications, so they require immediate treatment.
Treatment of acne on the face
Traditional medicine offers to treat acne, primarily with local medications. The composition of these creams and ointments can include various active substances: antibiotics, antiseptics, retinoids, acids. All of them have different spectrum of action, therefore they are appointed exclusively by the attending physician-dermatologist.
In severe stages of acne, antibiotics can also be given in the form of tablets or injections. High efficiency is given also by treatment with isotretinoin belonging to the group of retinoids. However, despite the positive results, this drug also has a serious side effect, so its purpose should be maximally reasoned.
Since acne is often associated with an unstable hormonal background, hormone-based drugs are also used for its therapy. In this case, we are talking about the treatment of acne in women, in whom they are often satellites of such conditions as polycystic ovary, or premenstrual syndrome. With such pathologies, contraceptives, anti-androgens, and estrogens are used.
When treating acne on the face at home, it is important to carefully follow the rules of personal hygiene. To avoid complications, you should use special cosmetics. In certain cases, solar procedures or a solarium can be useful. Also, after consulting a doctor, you can resort to a number of cosmetic procedures, such as facial cleansing or peeling.