What are the causes of inflammation of the veins? Their symptoms and treatment

Venous inflammation( phlebitis) is a very common phenomenon, it is almost impossible to protect from it. It is accompanied by swelling and a sensation of pain in the legs and hands, a clear manifestation of the pattern, palpitations, an increase in body temperature, limbs are painted a bluish-red color.

There are 2 main types of inflammation:

1. Inflammation of deep veins( thrombophlebitis).
2. Surface phlebitis.

Thrombophlebitis is an inflammation of the blood vessels with the formation of a clot( blood clot) that can move through the circulatory system and enter the lungs. This is a very dangerous disease requiring hospitalization and treatment with anticoagulants. With superficial phlebitis, the veins are tense and painful, redness is observed( appearance of red bands) and densification of the skin over the affected area, weakness and fever.

Causes of the disease

1. Postponed infectious diseases.
2. Complications due to varicose veins, after pregnancy and childbirth.
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3. The use of hormonal contraceptives.
4. Blood vessel stasis associated with immobilization of the lower limbs.
5. Introduction of chemical preparations.
6. Complications associated with catheterization.
7. Smoking.
8. Prolonged exposure to the sun, etc.

Inflammation of the vein on the arm

Often, phlebitis occurs in the veins of the legs, but it can also appear on the arms. Inflammation of the veins on the arm, as a rule, is associated with complications after catheterization. Inflammation of the vein after the catheter may depend on factors such as the size of the catheter and the site of its introduction, the type of fluid that is injected, the length of the catheter in the vein. Phlebitis on the arm can also occur as a result of a catheter infection, the main pathogens of which are enterococci, staphylococcus, Candida, etc.

Inflammation of the lower extremities veins

Varicose enlargement, left unattended, may be a prerequisite for the onset of phlebitis or thrombophlebitis of the legs. The main factors of inflammation of the vessels on the legs:

1. Slow motion of blood, associated with a general slowdown in blood flow in the body;prolonged bed rest for a variety of reasons;compression of tissues surrounding the vein( the imposition of gypsum with various injuries of the legs).
2. Increased coagulability of blood - congenital or acquired, arising from cancer, hormonal imbalance, infectious diseases, the taking of certain medicines.
3. Damage to the venous wall, which occurs during mechanical exposure, with surgical interventions, intravenous catheters, the introduction of chemical solutions.

Symptoms of thrombophlebitis( thrombosis)

Symptoms of inflammation depend on where the thrombus was formed and in what general form the disease occurs. Symptoms such as swelling on the legs, a discoloration of the skin, a sensation of sharp pain in the calf muscles, heat and heaviness in the legs may indicate inflammation of the internal veins.

Depending on the location of the thrombus, swelling of the lower leg, ankle or thigh may occur, the vessels swell and become firm, the body temperature rises. Often the inflammation of the internal veins can develop asymptomatically, which leads to complications with a fatal outcome.

Effective treatment of

Treatment of thrombophlebitis is conservative and surgical. Inflammation of internal veins requires strict bed rest to avoid embolism and spread of microflora.

The position of the limbs should be maintained in an elevated state on the tire, which will help improve venous outflow, reduce pain and swelling. It is recommended to drink a lot of liquid - up to 2-3 liters per day.

With superficial thrombophlebitis, the patient can turn and sit down, keep his foot in a horizontal position, apply warming compresses. To reduce pain and improve blood circulation, a lumbar neocaine blockade is performed.

Conservative treatment:

• Physiotherapy - ultraviolet irradiation, infrared rays, sollyks, etc.
• The use of anticoagulants - a means of reducing blood clotting.
• Hirudotherapy( leeches) - only with acute thrombophlebitis, when the patient has contraindications to anticoagulants.
• Taking medications that reduce the amount of prothrombin in the blood and prevent the formation of new thrombi - phenyline, dicumarin, neodicumarin, sigcumar.
• The use of fibrinolytic drugs leading to the lysis of thrombi in the early stage - fibrinolysin, trypsin, streptokinase, chymotrypsin, urokinase.

Surgical methods:

• dressing,
• dissection,
• venectomy,
• excision of thrombosed nodes of superficial veins.