Anesthesia in the dressing room
In the dressing room, in contrast to the operating room, most often local anesthesia is used: it is safer for the patient, does not require its preparation, and the applied anesthetics are quickly eliminated from the body. With local anesthesia, there is no loss of consciousness, the patient can calmly talk with the surgeon. Injections are injected into the area over which the surgeon works, around the main nerve trunks, around the part of the spinal cord that carries pain to the brain.
1. Infiltration anesthesia consists in infiltrating the area of the operating field with novocaine. The sister is preparing a sterile glass with 0.5% solution of novocaine, a syringe with a capacity of 20 ml.
2. Conduction anesthesia - a blockade of nerve trunks that carry pain from the operating area, a solution of novocaine. The most commonly used in the operation on the fingers of the hand is the Lukashevich-Oberst method. In addition to a glass with novocaine and a syringe, a sterile rubber strip and a clamp are needed. Rubber strip tightly tighten the finger, fix it with a clamp. An anesthesia is performed by the surgeon, making injections on the lateral surfaces of the finger.
3. Local anesthesia is intravenous. Applied with bandages and operations on the limbs. The limbs are elevated for 2-3 minutes, after which a tourniquet is applied to the proximal end until the pulse disappears. After this, the operating field is treated and a puncture of the saphenous vein located distal to the applied bundle is performed. Usually 100-250 mg of 0.5% novocaine is injected into the vein by a syringe. Anesthesia occurs 10 minutes after the administration of the solution of novocaine and lasts until the strand is removed.
4. Local intraosseous anesthesia. Applied in the surgery for purulent diseases of the hand and foot, with the reposition of dislocations, with the primary surgical treatment of the wounds of the hand and foot. Contraindicated in patients with severe edema of the limb, vascular diseases, erysipelas. It is necessary to prepare a shortened Vira needle with a tightly fitting mandrel, a rubber tourniquet, a 10 ml syringe, a thin needle for anesthesia and a 0.5-2% solution of novocaine. The extremities give an elevated position for 2-3 minutes, then a tourniquet is applied proximal to the operating field until the pulse disappears at the periphery. The operating field is treated, delimited with a sterile sheet, with the help of a fine needle, anesthetized skin, subcutaneous tissue and periosteum. The Bir needle with the mandrone is pierced with a bone. After extracting mandrene, the required amount of novocaine solution is administered. This amount depends on the concentration of novocaine.0.5% solution is required from 30 to 100 ml, 1% from 20-50 ml, 2% from 8 to 25 ml. Anesthesia occurs 5 minutes after the administration of novocaine, it lasts 5 minutes after removing the tourniquet.