Defeat of the kidney parenchyma: classification of pathologies

The defeat of the kidney parenchyma can begin because of the influence of various pathological processes in the body. The mechanism of increasing arterial pressure when the organ parenchyma is affected is almost always correlated with an increase in blood flow volumes. Incorrect work of nephrons causes a decrease in the excretion of sodium from the body, an increase in the volume of blood flow and cardiac output, which leads to an increase in blood pressure.

In patients with mild or moderate impairment of the functioning of this organ, systemic arterial pressure may return to normal, even if the perfusion pressure in the organ is too high to establish a balance between the inference and the need for sodium. With the development of the terminal stage of kidney failure, the filtration rate is so reduced that the body becomes unable to remove fluid from the body, so patients additionally have arterial hypertension.

This is important! Often damage to the renal parenchyma is supplemented by hypersecretion of renin, also causing an increase in blood pressure.

Classification of parenchyma pathologies

Pathologies of the structure of the renal parenchyma include agenesis, hypoplasia, aplasia, cystic abnormalities and the presence of an additional kidney.

Agenesis of this organ arises as a result of the bookmarking of the organ even during embryonic development. Two-sided form is manifested four times less often and mostly in boys. As a rule, such children are born already dead with a large number of malformations.

With a unilateral form, there is usually no corresponding ureter and sex gland. One kidney is hypertrophied, but is fully functional in relation to the realization of its functions. Suspicion of the presence of agenesis appears when the enlarged kidney is well palpated without pain.

This is important! The diagnosis is due to a special diagnosis - urography from the side of the lesion, when there is no isolation of the injected contrast medium, cystoscopy, when the presence of only one ureteral opening is diagnosed, aortography that allows to establish the absence of the artery of the kidney.

Aplasia is a severe disease in which the parenchyma of the left or right kidney remains underdeveloped. Often the pathology is supplemented by the absence of the ureter. At the same time, it is represented by fibrolipomatous tissue, times with the presence of a multitude of working nephrons.

Hypoplastic lobe - microscopically it looks like a normal organ, slightly reduced in size. Histologically, there are changes that make it possible to establish a simple form of hypoplasia, hypoplasia with dysplasia or with oligophrenia.

For simple hypoplasia, a decrease in the number of nephrons and calyces of the kidney is characteristic. When accompanied by pathology, oligophrenia decreases the number of glomeruli of the organ, increases their size, there is fibrosis in the interstitial tissue, the tubule of the kidneys expand.

Hypoplasia with dysplasia is accompanied by the appearance of muscle couplings or couplings from the connective tissue along the perimeter of the kidney canals, the presence of cysts on the glomeruli and tubules, inclusions of cartilaginous, lymphoid and bone tissue.

An additional kidney is a very rare pathology that is of clinical importance in the development of cervical and extra-tubercular ectopia in the ureter's mouth. Accompanying the disease with urinary incontinence or the process of inflammation and tumor formation.

The additional, as a rule, is slightly below the main one, it has smaller dimensions and has its own blood supply due to the vessels flowing directly into the aorta. In this case, the ureter connects itself to the bladder or to the ureter of the main kidney. The diagnosis is based on data obtained after retrograde pyelography, excretory urography, and the treatment is to remove the additional kidney.

Cystic pathologies of the renal parenchyma - can be represented by different variants, differing in location and number of cysts. The most frequent pathology is polycystosis, which damages two buds at once. Often it is supplemented by the appearance of cysts in other organs.

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