Kidney lithotripsy: safety and contraindications

Urolithiasis has been tried in a variety of ways since ancient times. At the same time, it was not always possible to find a solution, because the stones left themselves or gave serious peripheral complications. The best methods that apply to non-medical methods include holding a special diet and taking various infusions and decoctions. However, the reason or the stone itself can not be eliminated so. This requires more effective methods.

Until the appearance of contactless equipment that allows the extraction of stones without incisions and surgical manipulations, patients were forced to suffer significant inconveniences, connected with the operation itself, the rehabilitation period and the probable complications after it. The formation of stones in the organs of the urinary system is observed in the middle and young age categories, which are at risk of kidney formations, for elderly and toddlers the probability of stones in the ureters and bladder is increased.

This is important!

It is not advisable to treat or start nephrolithiasis on its own, since a variety of complications can occur that do not allow the use of lithotripsy.

The main modern and most optimal method to be treated is renal lithotripsy. Its advantages are a shorter recovery period, a shorter duration after a painful procedure, a lower cost compared to other methods, and a smaller number of possible complications. Lithotripsy is recommended to be produced if the chemical composition of the stones allows, as well as their size, which is in the range of 5-25 mm.

Among the main contraindications, in which application is not recommended for elimination of lithotripsy stones, the most common restrictions on the weight and growth of the patient. If the mass is more than 130 kilograms, and the growth is beyond the range of 1-2 meters, then in the procedure, most likely, they will refuse. Also, manipulation is not recommended for people who have heart disease or low blood coagulation. Pregnant women lithotripsy kidney stones are even forbidden because of possible harm to the fetus.

The reason for the refusal can also be chronic exacerbated at the time of surgery, pyelonephritis, joint and bone disease. Other diseases that fall into the category of contraindications are: impairment of renal function, presence of a tumor on the organ, acute stages of stomach or intestinal tract diseases, spinal deformities, menstruation, increased gas production and obesity, aortic aneurysm, stones in the urethra,the result of similar complications procedures, purulent or inflammatory processes.

This is important! It is necessary to pass all tests that will help to determine the presence of a disease or disprove all of the above list.

Existing methods by which remote lithotripsy is performed

The basic principles of this procedure are the absence of the need for surgical intervention in the organ and less painful sensations at all stages. The action of the apparatus is based on the targeted effect of shock waves by short pulses directly on the stone. Thus, they are able to grind it down to those dimensions that will not cause discomfort when extracted naturally from the body.

Today there are several types of this method of treatment:

1. Electrohydraulic technique;
2. Piezoelectric effect principle;
3. Electromagnetic influence on stones.

This is important! With the help of preliminary ultrasound or X-ray examination, the exact location of the stone is determined, which is then output by one of these methods.

One of the most popular methods is remote lithotripsy of kidney stones of the ureter, when shock waves are sent to the stone through the outside of the patient's instrument. With the contact method, the instrument for radiation of waves is directly introduced into the body, and the stones are directly influenced by them. This method is well suited for removing stones in the urethra or bladder. Thus, in comparison with the remote technique, the contact will be more effective.

In the case of electrohydraulic energy waves, the energy is extracted from the water evaporated by electricity for the action. In the electromagnetic scheme, the direction of the pulse is realized by a mirror system. This technique is more complex, and quite effective. It is based on the production of a magnetic field by passing through a current winding. Then, the membrane built into the device will reproduce a certain frequency of oscillation with a direction to the shock wave concrement.

The piezoelectric device basically contains a segment of the ball, speckled by a multitude of piezoelectric crystals. As a result of their specific orientation and proper current characteristics, appropriate shock pulses are created. Using an ultrasound scanner, the waves focus on the stone. All procedures are performed using anesthesia in the local area.

The newest technology - laser lithotripsy of the kidneys

Today, the most advanced and modern technique for removing stones of various sizes and locations in the urinary system is laser lithotripsy of the kidneys. In this method, laser treatment and endoscopy are perfectly combined. The principle of this procedure is to bring to the concrement through the ureter an endoscope inserted through the urethra. Laser radiation does not crush a stone and does not cut it, but it helps to melt it.

Compared with shock-wave analogs, this technique is more perfect and safe, and also produced with less painful sensations. The popularity of lithotripsy of kidney stones is so great that many of the world's clinics continue to study it and, on the basis of the results obtained, produce more advanced and innovative techniques.

The main advantage of this device is its greater efficiency in difficult cases, when the size of the stones is considerable, and their location is complicated. For a complete cure, a single procedure can become a limit. The main advantage of the laser can also be distinguished by its perfect elimination even of the smallest fragments of the destroyed stone, which in many cases are able to turn back into small stone formations.

This is important! After laser extraction of stone, most often, the disease no longer gives relapses. Small grains of stones are eliminated because of the technique of melting the formation.

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