Gastroduodenitis: symptoms and treatment, diet, causes

What it is? The combination of an acute form of duodenitis with the same manifestations of gastritis, draws a line under the carefree attitude of a person to his health and is called gastroduodenitis.

The inflammatory surface of the stomach and pathologies concentrated in the duodenum.

Classification of

The manifestation of gastroduodenitis is noted in acute and chronic form. Distinguishes them, only the pain syndrome. With acute manifestation of the disease, the pains are of an unstable and short-term nature. In a chronic stage, gastroduodenitis occurs with less severe but constant pain.

Given the typical pathological processes, the disease is divided into four forms expressed:

1. 1) The superficial course is marked damage to the upper layer of the gastric wall and duodenal lumen in the form of folds with edema and marked thickening.
   
2. 2) Hypertrophic manifestation, characterized by the formation of focal or diffuse hyperemia with small hemorrhagic hemorrhages, affecting the deep layers of the shell of the organs. At a hypertrophic gastroduodenitis erosive displays with edematous mucous and the multiple centers of defeat covered by a touch are possible.
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3. 3) Erosive form, the most dangerous stage of the disease. It is a kind of superficial gastroduodenitis with additions of multiple islets of intralucent hemorrhages in both organs. There is a great chance of developing a peptic ulcer.
   
4. 4) In the mixed form of gastroduodenitis, there are signs of mucosal focal hyperemia with small atrophy sites.

In determining the form of the disease, the ratio of acid-base components in gastric juice is taken into account. There are gastroduodenitis with a normal ratio of acid-base components, reduced or with an increased level of acidity.

Causes of gastroduodenitis

As a result of complex lesions - etiological and pathological, acting on the surface shell of the organs, inflammatory reactions occur that trigger renewal failure - restoration of the superficial shell and the formation of necrotic sites.

The consequence of such pathologies is expressed by functional impairments - malfunction of the motor and intestinal secretion. There are signs of increased motor functions of the stomach and gastric tension in addition to dyskinesia in the duodenum. To the development of gastroduodenitis of various classification many causes of internal - endogenous and external - exogenous nature are involved.

The internal, endogenous causes of gastroduodenitis are traditionally attributed:

• failure in hormonal secretory regulation;
  
• increased acidity and low production of mucus;
  
• endocrine pathology;
  
• pathological processes in the liver and biliary tract;
  
• bacterial factor - Helicobacter pylori infection;
  
• respiratory infections in the pharynx and in the mouth;
  
• genetic factor.

Multiple causes of gastroduodenitis are the basis of external causative factors:

1. 1) Improper diet - with enthusiasm hot or vice versa - too cold dishes, eating pepper, salty, smoked products with coarse fiber.
   
2. 2) Irregular feeding;
   
3. 3) Alcohol and tobacco products in any design;
   
4. 4) Food on dry days and snacks on the go;
   
5. 5) Stress and shocks;
   
6. 6) Duration of administration of certain dosage forms.

Symptoms of gastroduodenitis

Symptoms of the disease manifest themselves individually, depend on the stage of pathological processes and forms of prevalence.

In the stage of exacerbation of gastroduodenitis, symptoms are manifested:

• with heaviness and bloating in the stomach;
  
• with aching or spastic abdominal pain;
  
• by salivation, nausea and vomiting;
  
• rumbling in the abdomen;
  
• constipation or diarrhea;
  
• weight loss.

The duration of the acute phase of gastroduodenitis is one, two months. The duration of the pain symptom can last up to two weeks, but its sensitivity during palpation, remains for a long time.

The stage of the chronic form differs cyclicity - after an exacerbation there comes the period of remission. In many cases, chronic gastroduodenitis provokes a complex lesion of many parts of the gastrointestinal tract. This fact is associated with the active production of hormones by the 12 duodenum.

As a result, there is a complete restructuring of the gastric mucosa and changes in secretory and evacuation functions in other groups of digestive organs.

Thus, in the chronic process of gastroduodenitis development, not only the stomach and 12 duodenum are involved, but also the bile ducts. The disease develops seasonally due to malnutrition or stressful situations.

Treatment of various forms of gastroduodenitis

When treating any form of gastroduodenitis, a long-term course of complex multistage therapy is needed.

Treatment of the superficial appearance of the disease, taking into account the increased acidity, is directed:

• on regulation of gastric acidity and its normalization - it is recommended to take Omeprezol and antihistamines.
  
• immunosupplementation therapy, which does not allow the development of relapses;
  
• use of physiotherapy and physical therapy;
  
• mandatory compliance with a strict diet;
  
• to consolidate treatment preferably in the profile sanatorium.

Treatment of a chronic type - during an exacerbation a sparing( bed) regimen for seven days and dietary food, excluding mechanical and temperature injuries of the stomach. As medicamentous therapy,

• is prescribed painkillers and antispasmodics;
  
• means having a wrapping effect;
  
• enzyme, antisecretory drugs and anti-acid to adjust the acid balance;
  
• antibacterial therapy, in case of detection of Helicobacter pylori infection.

In the treatment of erosive gastoduodenitis, the focus is on maintaining the diet and diet.

Drug treatment is built taking into account the normalization of acid indicators, pain relief, elimination of infection and emotional stress. Recommended:

• use of sedative and antispasmodics;
  
• antibacterial, acid-resistant preparations;
  
• antioxidants, reparants and cytoprotectors;
  
• vitamin complex.

Recommendations for a diet for gastroduodenitis

According to medical standards, a diet designated as table number one and table number five, corresponding to the severity of the disease, are provided for patients with this diagnosis.

Diet number one provides:

1. 1) Frequent fractional food - steam, wiped, or boiled dishes;
   
2. 2) In case of acute manifestation of the disease - soups made of cereals and vegetables, baked or boiled potatoes, carrots, beetroot and pumpkin dishes are allowed. Of course, everything must be wiped out.
   
3. 3) It is allowed to take non-fatty or non-fattened sour-milk products, cocoa or not hard-boiled tea.
   
4. 4) White bread should not be fresh, you can eat crackers, and cookies are only gallety.
   
5. 5) Butter and vegetable oil added to the dishes should not contain salt.
   
6. 6) Meat and fish products should be lean and cooked steamed or in the form of soufflé.
   
7. 7) Berries and fruits can not be eaten raw. They should be present in mousses, compotes, decoctions and jellies.
   
8. 8) In a small amount you can eat not spicy cheese and sausage of boiled non-sharp varieties.

Not recommended

Patients are strictly prohibited to use:

• ice cream, strong black coffee and chocolate;
  
• vegetables and fruits in raw form;
  
• strong boiled broths from fish, meat and vegetable ingredients;
  
• mushroom and fried dishes;
  
• not include in the diet smoked and salted foods;
  
• under strict prohibition - various sauces and dishes under marinade;
  
• alcohol and drinks with gas;
  
• bakery products made from rye flour;
  
• excluded from the diet - salads of spinach and sorrel, radish, cucumber and onions.

Diet number five, in fact, is a transition period from a strict diet to normal nutrition. The food is the same, the dishes are the same, only not rubbed, but thoroughly chewed.

• can be added to the ration bakery products from rye flour;
  
• various kinds of dairy sausages and sausages;
  
• fresh herbs and tomatoes;
  
• not too sour cabbage;
  
• well soaked herring;
  
• lemons and jam.

Even after the completion of the course, treatment should not be abused fried, smoked or canned food. There are regularly, little by little, thoroughly chewing food.

Prevention of gastroduodenitis

The most effective preventive measure is complex treatment and rehabilitation procedures. And also:

• a quality and balanced diet;
  
• is engaged in light sports;
  
• lifestyle, excluding provoking factor.

These recommendations will not allow you to starve to death and get rid of many health problems.

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