How are the symptoms and causes of acute gastritis?

In our time it is difficult to find a person who at least once in his life did not complain about stomach problems. Acute gastritis occurs under the influence of strong stimuli on the mucous membrane.

The causes of acute gastritis can be different: chemicals, drugs, bacteria and parasites infected with food. Especially often there is infection with staphylococcus, salmonella, klebsiella, shigella, yersinia. In addition to the primary acute gastritis, a secondary one can also occur - against infections or metabolic disorders, and then you can talk about an acute infectious gastritis.

Acute gastritis can be limited to inflammation of the mucous membrane, as well as the involvement of deeper layers of the stomach in the process. Depending on the degree and depth of lesions of the gastric mucosa, different symptoms of acute gastritis may appear. Distinguish the following forms:

1. Acute catarrhal gastritis, which occurs more often with food poisoning. Such a form can spontaneously arise as a result of a malnutrition.
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2. Fibrinous gastritis, which occurs, as a rule, when poisoning with chemicals or with severe infections of the body.
3. Corrosive gastritis, which is also called necrotic, which is formed when undiluted chemical acids or alkalis enter the stomach cavity.
4. Phlegmonous gastritis, which can occur as a complication of peptic ulcer or stomach cancer.

Clinical manifestations and signs of acute gastritis will directly depend on the reasons that caused them. The onset of the disease is always sudden, perhaps against a background of complete health. After the impact of the causative factor, no more than 4-8 hours pass. So, the symptoms of acute gastritis include:

• pain in the stomach, sometimes unbearable and prolonged;
• appearance of a white or yellow-gray coating on the tongue;
• sudden heartburn after eating;
• feeling of raspiranija in the field of a stomach;
• nausea and vomiting of food eaten;
• dizziness and weakness;
• disorder of stools;
• appearance of bloating;
• increase in temperature to 37-38 degrees;
• drooling or vice versa, there is dryness in the mouth;
• appearance of burping sour.

If you press on the stomach area with your fingers, you feel a sharp soreness. If the cause is an infection( salmonella), then the temperature can rise to 39 degrees.

Symptoms of acute gastritis in children

In children, signs of acute gastritis can occur during periods of most intense development or puberty. Such periods occur at the age of 5-6 years and 9-12 years. The causes of primary gastritis are the same as in adults, with the only difference that children do not eat spicy food.

If the child has a food allergy, then acute gastritis occurs when using allergen products. Secondary acute gastritis can occur in acute infectious diseases, which often occur in children - with scarlet fever, diphtheria, measles, measles rubella, influenza.

Symptoms of acute gastritis in children are also similar to those of adult people, but appear faster than adults. If the baby is breastfed and can not complain, the symptoms begin with anxiety, refusal to eat, sharp crying, vomiting, diarrhea and fever.

The disease can last from 2 to 5 days, the prognosis is favorable provided timely diagnosis and treatment. It is especially important in secondary acute gastritis to establish the main cause that caused the appearance of symptoms of acute gastritis in children.

Varieties of acute forms of gastritis

Depending on the site of localization and features of mucosal lesions, not only the clinical picture, but also the symptoms of the disease can change. So, for example, acute erosive antrum-gastritis is characterized by the appearance of foci of ulceration( erosion) in the antral( lower) stomach. Most often, the causes of erosion in the lower stomach are Helicobacter pylori bacteria, as well as the uncontrolled use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, poisoning with acids and other chemicals.

All erosive lesions of the mucosa are classified as acute hemorrhagic gastritis, since in the absence of treatment, all erosions can bleed in the future, merging into one wound, and are considered a harbinger of peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum. To usual symptoms with acute gastritis, a black chair is added, as a result of the blood entering the intestine.

One of the forms of acute gastritis is considered to be erosive reflux gastritis. The cause is the casting( reverse reflux) of acidic contents from the stomach into the esophagus, as well as the reflux of bile from the duodenum into the stomach cavity. Such a defeat of the stomach and esophagus is fraught with the formation of gross scars, which narrow the sphincters( pulp) and are subject only to surgical treatment.

First aid

It is very important to be able to provide first aid for acute gastritis before the ambulance arrives. Everybody can do this. The patient should wash the stomach as soon as possible with a solution with added baking soda. Be sure to induce a vomitive reflex, irritating with two fingers the root of the tongue.

If there is no soda, then it can be washed with ordinary warm water. If you see that there are remains of food in the vomit, the procedure must be repeated. If the pain has spread to the area of ​​the intestine( acute gastroenterocolitis), a cleansing enema is shown.

In view of the fact that along with vomiting and cleaning of the intestines there is a loss of fluid, it is necessary to give the patient an abundant drink after the above procedures. In no case with diarrhea do not give funds that strengthen the intestine, all poisons and toxins formed in the body must come out. If the patient's condition has stabilized, you can starve for a day or two, and then start taking gentle soft food.

How to cure acute gastritis if the patient's condition has not improved in a day? In this case, urgent hospitalization in the hospital is needed. The thing is that similar symptoms can also occur with myocardial infarction, acute appendicitis, acute pancreatitis. In this case, specialist consultation, monitoring in hospital settings and differential diagnosis are needed.

Food and features of the diet

You can give simple mineral water without gas, broths, infusion with herbs and berries( raspberry, currant, linden, rosehip).Freshly squeezed juices in this period can not be given. The volume of liquid for the whole day is calculated by the formula: 30-40 ml per 1 kg of weight.

If you did everything correctly, then a good sign of recovery will be the restoration of appetite. But in the first few days you must follow a diet, the main condition of which - the food should be cooked for a couple or boiled. You can make soups, purees, without adding all kinds of seasonings and spices.

You can give all the milk porridges, as well as porridges cooked on the water. Low-fat meat or fish is also useful, they contain a lot of protein, so necessary for the construction of new cells. Good for inflamed mucous there are sour-milk products, with a small percentage of fat content. Kissels are useful for increasing the viscosity of mucus and the enveloping effect.