Osteomyelitis: symptoms, treatment, photos of osteomyelitis of the jaw
Osteomyelitis is today considered one of the most dangerous diseases of bone tissue.
This disease is an inflammatory infectious lesion of the bone marrow and bones. In most cases, the detection of osteomyelitis is diagnosed with damage to the jawbones, most often the lower one. According to statistics, osteomyelitis of the jaw constitutes about a third of the total number of osteomyelitis diseases.
Depending on how the infection is spread and the disease spreads, the osteomyelitis is divided into several types, namely:
Typically, when talking about the source of infection, it is a chronic infectious process, which for months is in the human body and is not subjected to the necessary treatment. Most often this is a banal inflammation of the tonsils. In addition to chronic infections, such acute conditions as diphtheria, scarlet fever, measles or influenza are also of great concern.
The hematogenous appearance of the osteomyelitis of the jaw is rare, most often they are affected by children. Moreover, this type of osteomyelitis is much more complicated, entails complications in the form of sepsis, bacterial shock, and in some cases, in the absence of proper treatment, after 2-4 days, ends with a lethal outcome.
In 75% of cases of jaw osteomyelitis diagnose odontogenic osteomyelitis. This kind of osteomyelitis develops due to untimely timely dental diseases, such as caries, tooth cyst, periodontitis, granuloma. Infection from the surface of the affected tooth enters the pulp, then into the root. From there, the bacteria spread directly into the tissue of the jaw bones.
Traumatic osteomyelitis is not common. It is caused by various injuries of the lower or upper jaw, for example, jaw fracture or temporomandibular joint dysfunction. If there are certain factors, an infection gets into the damaged area, which in rare cases leads to damage to the bone tissue.
As a rule, this happens if the blood supply of tissues in the area of trauma has been disturbed, there was a sick tooth with caries or periodontitis nearby, and the victim was not provided with timely and qualified medical care.
Clinical symptoms of patients with osteomyelitis of the jaw depend on many factors:
In addition to pain, the patient suffers from general weakness, malaise, disturbance of sleep and nutrition. As with most infectious diseases, in the osteomyelitis of the jaw, an elevated body temperature is diagnosed, and jumps of blood pressure are recorded.
With further progression of the disease, the pain intensifies, spreads over the entire jaw, radiates into the temple, ear, back of the head. When it comes to the defeat of the bone of the lower jaw, the patient becomes difficult to swallow, open his mouth.
Symptoms of the osteomyelitis of the jaw are greatly reduced. But the destructive process in the tissues of the bones continues. Thus, the disease goes to a chronic stage. Exacerbations are replaced by remission, parts of dead tissue are formed, so-called sequesters.
Osteomyelitis of the jaw requires immediate treatment, as it is fraught with serious complications. In particular, the infection of blood can develop, as well as the formation of phlegmon - a purulent inflammation of the tissues of the face and neck.
Treatment for osteomyelitis of the jaw must necessarily be complex.
The choice of appropriate therapy and medications depends solely on the characteristics of the course of the disease, local symptoms, the general condition of the patient's body.
In most cases, surgery is required. The surgeon removes the sick tooth to avoid further spread of the infection. Also, the periosteum is cut for free outflow of pus followed by antibacterial treatment of the wound and adjacent zones. Dead tissue areas during surgery are removed.
During the treatment of the osteomyelitis of the jaw, a course of antibiotics is mandatory. In addition, most doctors are also credited with a course of hepatoprotectors and lactobacilli, which will help neutralize the negative effects of the antibiotic on the liver and intestinal microflora.
This disease is an inflammatory infectious lesion of the bone marrow and bones. In most cases, the detection of osteomyelitis is diagnosed with damage to the jawbones, most often the lower one. According to statistics, osteomyelitis of the jaw constitutes about a third of the total number of osteomyelitis diseases.
Classification of
Depending on how the infection is spread and the disease spreads, the osteomyelitis is divided into several types, namely:
- hematogenous
- odontogenic
- traumatic
Typically, when talking about the source of infection, it is a chronic infectious process, which for months is in the human body and is not subjected to the necessary treatment. Most often this is a banal inflammation of the tonsils. In addition to chronic infections, such acute conditions as diphtheria, scarlet fever, measles or influenza are also of great concern.
The hematogenous appearance of the osteomyelitis of the jaw is rare, most often they are affected by children. Moreover, this type of osteomyelitis is much more complicated, entails complications in the form of sepsis, bacterial shock, and in some cases, in the absence of proper treatment, after 2-4 days, ends with a lethal outcome.
In 75% of cases of jaw osteomyelitis diagnose odontogenic osteomyelitis. This kind of osteomyelitis develops due to untimely timely dental diseases, such as caries, tooth cyst, periodontitis, granuloma. Infection from the surface of the affected tooth enters the pulp, then into the root. From there, the bacteria spread directly into the tissue of the jaw bones.
Traumatic osteomyelitis is not common. It is caused by various injuries of the lower or upper jaw, for example, jaw fracture or temporomandibular joint dysfunction. If there are certain factors, an infection gets into the damaged area, which in rare cases leads to damage to the bone tissue.
As a rule, this happens if the blood supply of tissues in the area of trauma has been disturbed, there was a sick tooth with caries or periodontitis nearby, and the victim was not provided with timely and qualified medical care.
Symptoms of osteomyelitis
Clinical symptoms of patients with osteomyelitis of the jaw depend on many factors:
- phase of the disease
- state of the body's immune system
- virulence and pathogenicity of microorganisms that provoked bone tissue damage
In addition to pain, the patient suffers from general weakness, malaise, disturbance of sleep and nutrition. As with most infectious diseases, in the osteomyelitis of the jaw, an elevated body temperature is diagnosed, and jumps of blood pressure are recorded.
With further progression of the disease, the pain intensifies, spreads over the entire jaw, radiates into the temple, ear, back of the head. When it comes to the defeat of the bone of the lower jaw, the patient becomes difficult to swallow, open his mouth.
In the absence of adequate treatment, the acute stage of the jaw osteomyelitis smoothly flows into the subacute. In this stage, the pus that formed at the site of bone damage breaks out - into the oral cavity.
Symptoms of the osteomyelitis of the jaw are greatly reduced. But the destructive process in the tissues of the bones continues. Thus, the disease goes to a chronic stage. Exacerbations are replaced by remission, parts of dead tissue are formed, so-called sequesters.
Osteomyelitis of the jaw requires immediate treatment, as it is fraught with serious complications. In particular, the infection of blood can develop, as well as the formation of phlegmon - a purulent inflammation of the tissues of the face and neck.
Treatment of osteomyelitis
Treatment for osteomyelitis of the jaw must necessarily be complex.
The choice of appropriate therapy and medications depends solely on the characteristics of the course of the disease, local symptoms, the general condition of the patient's body.
In most cases, surgery is required. The surgeon removes the sick tooth to avoid further spread of the infection. Also, the periosteum is cut for free outflow of pus followed by antibacterial treatment of the wound and adjacent zones. Dead tissue areas during surgery are removed.
During the treatment of the osteomyelitis of the jaw, a course of antibiotics is mandatory. In addition, most doctors are also credited with a course of hepatoprotectors and lactobacilli, which will help neutralize the negative effects of the antibiotic on the liver and intestinal microflora.