Poisoning with poisonous plants and mushrooms

The most dangerous for life poisoning plants that primarily affect the nervous system, such as, for example, poisonous milestone, or tsikuta, hemlock spotted, akonit jungar - blue wrestler, black henbane, belladonna( belladonna), datura ordinary.

The main symptoms of poisoning - malaise, vomiting, diarrhea, convulsive seizures ( in severe cases - loss of consciousness, violation of cardiac activity and breathing).

To plants, toxic to the heart, include lily of the valley May, foxglove, oleander, white cheremitsa, Caucasian hellebore. Poisoning them is manifested by nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, severe head pain and pain in the epigastric region. In severe cases, the rhythm and heart rate are disturbed, with the pulse, as a rule, becoming rare. Sometimes the nervous system is affected. This is evidenced by excitement, visual impairment, convulsions, loss of consciousness.

Many plants have a toxic effect only on the organs of the gastrointestinal tract. This is marsh white worm, common lobster, stinky eel, wolf bark, crow's eye, crow-crow, bindweed, honeysuckle, mistletoe white, nightshade sweet bitter, nightshade black. For

poisoning such plants are characteristic, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, salivation.

If you get into the body of poisonous plants, as well as if you suspect it is urgent to take first-aid measures.

If the victim is conscious, he should wash his stomach: give 3-4 glasses of water and, with a finger or a spoon of a spoon, pressing on the root of the tongue, cause him to vomit. Rinsing of the stomach should be repeated 2-3 times. When poisoning, aconite and hemlock stomach washed with a pale pink solution of potassium permanganate( potassium permanganate).

Since many vegetable poisons are well adsorbed by activated carbon, after washing the stomach it is recommended to take activated carbon( carboline).20-30 tablets pour a glass of cold water, stirring, bring to a mushy state and then drink. After 2-3 hours, the stomach is repeatedly rinsed.

After first aid is provided, it is necessary to deliver the victim as soon as possible to the medical institution. With the development of seizures, it is important to prevent breathing disorders due to spasm of the masticatory muscles, so insert a spoon stem wrapped with a bandage or a handkerchief into the victim's mouth.

To avoid poisoning with mushrooms, it is necessary to distinguish between edible and inedible, not to collect those that are unknown to you, as well as overgrown or wormy mushrooms.

Toxic pallid toadstool, fly agaric, stitches, some representatives of false cheeks, mushrooms, russules, swine.

One pale toadstool contains a dose of poison, deadly for an adult! It refers to lamellar fungi, and in appearance it is mistaken for a champignon or russula. The poison is resistant to heat, does not collapse under the influence of air oxygen and under the action of digestive enzymes. It affects mainly the liver cells.

The disease begins acutely: 6-48 hours after a person ate a poisonous mushroom, there is a sharp pain in the abdomen, indomitable vomiting, severe diarrhea. The stool is liquid, watery, up to 20-25 times a day, sometimes reminiscent of rice decoction. Appearing painful thirst, delay urination, severe weakness, dizziness, pale skin, sometimes the temperature rises. The patient becomes sluggish, drowsy or, conversely, restless, excited. There may be muscle twitching, a cramp. Consciousness, as a rule, is preserved. At the end of the first day, pain appears in the right upper quadrant, icterus of the mucous membranes and skin: liver failure develops, which can lead to death.

Fly agarics in appearance and bright coloring differ sharply from edible mushrooms. Therefore, poisoning is observed mainly in young children who, out of curiosity, taste these mushrooms.

The poison of the fly agaric affects the nervous system. After 30 minutes - 3 hours after the fungus has entered the stomach, a person has a strong salivation, sweating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. The pupils narrow, there is shortness of breath due to the accumulation of mucus in the bronchi. For severe cases, dizziness, excitement resembling intoxication, as well as confusion, nonsense, convulsions are characteristic.

Some plate mushrooms ( false honey agarics, certain types of russula, bitter grubs, freckles, black mushrooms, etc.) contain burning and bitter taste substances that have irritating effect on the mucous membrane of the organs of the gastrointestinal tract. These fungi belong to the group conditionally edible, since the corresponding treatment releases them from poisonous substances. Such mushrooms should be boiled for at least 15 minutes, decoction decant. You can also soak them in cold water for a day, changing the water 3-4 times.

If these rules are not observed soon after a person ate freshly prepared or salted mushrooms, signs of poisoning appear: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, general malaise. The disease occurs, as a rule, is not severe and lasts 1-2 days.

You can also poison yourself with edible mushrooms, if they were kept untreated for a long time. Such fungi are a nutrient medium for microbes, including pathogens.

If there are signs of poisoning or suspicion that poisonous mushrooms are eaten, urgent measures must be taken urgently. Rinse the victim with a stomach, for which let him drink at once half a liter of tap water at room temperature, or a solution of baking soda( a teaspoon of soda for half a liter of water), or a solution of potassium permanganate-potassium pale pink;then induce vomiting by pressing the spoon on the root of the tongue, repeat washing two or three times. This will help remove from the stomach the remains of fungi and a significant portion of the poison and thereby reduce its absorption into the blood. If after washing the stomach signs of poisoning persist, you need to see a doctor.

In those cases when the patient has a sharp weakness, indomitable vomiting, confused consciousness, immediately call an ambulance and be sure to explain that the person has poisoned himself with mushrooms. Before the ambulance arrives, put the victim on its side so that during the vomiting the gastric contents do not become numb in the respiratory tract. The oral cavity should be cleaned with a bandage wound around a spoon. Before the arrival of the "first aid" do not leave the patient alone.

The victims of poisoning are most often children, whose attention is attracted by various wild berries and the roots of poisonous plants.

When collecting medicinal plants you need to be very careful and observe precautions, so the collectors of medicinal raw materials need to know the appearance of poisonous plants where they grow, be able to distinguish them from similar species and, if necessary, provide first aid first.