Stages of DIC syndrome and their treatment

DIC syndrome is a serious deviation in the work of the human body, which provokes a risk of death and is characterized by severe disruption of homeostasis, the formation of hemorrhages and blood clots, impaired circulation and metabolic disorders, intoxication and the emergence of shock phenomena. Stages of DIC syndrome show the severity of the development of pathology.

When the properties of blood coagulability increase, a decrease in the ability to coagulate it, reduce the concentration of platelets in the blood and bleeding. This syndrome can accompany various diseases and leads to a loss of liquid blood properties and a violation of blood flow in the capillaries. This is incompatible with the proper functioning of the body.

The rate of progression and the prevalence of the symptom are very diverse - from rapidly progressing lethal forms to latent and protracted currents, from local to extensive damage to the body.

Symptoms of pathology

Clinical manifestations of ICE syndrome consist of:

• signs of underlying pathology, which became the main cause of the formation of DIC syndrome;
• signs of shock status - acute DVS syndrome;
• profound abnormalities in the work of homeostasis, bleeding, thrombosis;
• decrease blood filling of the vascular bed;
• disorders of work and degeneration of organs;
• disorders of metabolic processes in the body.

The more acute the manifestation of DIC syndrome, the more short-term will be the phase of increased coagulability of the blood and the harder it will be the phase of a pronounced decrease in blood coagulability and excessive bleeding.

Similar acute pathologies of the pathological process are characteristic for obstetric, infectious, septic, posttraumatic, toxic, surgical and other types of DIC syndrome, accompanied by a shock state.

The severity of the course of the disease in this case correlates with:

• by the force of manifestation of the primary lesion of the organism and with the initial state of the human body;
• from time spent diagnosis and treatment;
• from first aid use;
• on the completeness of pain relief and anesthesia following;
• from the timeliness and minimal trauma of surgical operations;
• from the control of homeostasis processes;
• on the completeness of prevention and prevention of homeostasis disorders;
• from the effectiveness of the fight against abnormalities in the microcirculation and general hemodynamics.

The following factors contribute to the development and progression of the disease:

1. too slow and incomplete removal of the patient from a state of shock and hypotension;
2. high degree of trauma of surgical interventions;
3. not shown blood transfusion, which contains a large number of small clots that aggravate the course of DIC syndrome.

In addition, the acute form of DIC syndrome is formed with destructive abnormalities of organs, with staphylococcal or other destruction in the lungs, with severe dystrophy of the liver of a viral or toxic nature, with acute pancreatitis of hemorrhagic or necrotic form.

These pathologies are often combined with the formation of a pathological agent in the bloodstream and various forms of intractable superinfections. With each such disease, there is a risk of a wave-like course of DIC syndrome - when the period of severe disruption of homeostasis is replaced for some time by a satisfactory state of the patient, but then a catastrophic deviation is resumed.

Stages of development of

• Stage 1 - or stage of hypercoagulability, when activation of cell aggregation processes and increase in blood coagulability occurs. In chronic course of pathology, 1 stage is prolonged for a long time due to the mechanism of compensation in the body system, which is opposed to coagulability. When compensation mechanisms worsen their work, pathology passes to the second stage of development.
• Stage 2 - the stage of increasing consumption coagulopathy - this leads to a decrease in the concentration of platelets and fibrinogens because of their consumption on the formation of thrombi.
• Stage 3 is a stage of pronounced hypocoagulation, characterized by the formation of soluble complexes that exhibit resistance to thrombin.
• Stage 4 - reverse development of pathology.

The process of treating the ICD of the

syndrome The treatment of DIC syndrome presents many problems and does not always guarantee success from the actions taken. With the development of an acute form, lethal outcome is observed in 30% of cases. The inconsistency of data on fatal cases in the development of DIC syndrome is due to the fact that in the statistics there are patients with varying degrees of severity of additional diseases and different degrees of manifestation of the DIC syndrome itself.

First of all, when organizing the treatment of pathology, it is required to actively combat pathological processes in the patient's body, which triggered the onset and aggravated the course of the disease. Such treatment involves the elimination of purulent-septic processes, which often become the etiological factor of DIC syndrome. In this situation, the patient needs early antimicrobial therapy, based on clinical symptoms, and not on a delayed bacteriological examination.

Another leading component in the treatment of DIC syndrome is the arrest of the development of shock conditions, the rapid elimination of which makes it possible to break the development of the DIC syndrome that has begun or to significantly ease its course. As such treatment, injections with saline solutions, rheopolyglucin, jet-drop plasma infusions, glucocorticosteroids are most often used.

An important component of the treatment is the use of disaggregants and drugs that can improve blood microcirculation in the organs.

At a late stage of the development of DIC syndrome in order to stop bleeding it is necessary to dilute the applied transfusions of concentrates of erythrocytes and platelet concentrates. To achieve the desired result, the patient is put on four to six doses per day.