Fissure caries: diagnosis, treatment and prevention of a dangerous disease
One of the most famous dental pathologies localized on hard dental tissues is caries. The danger of the carious process is the risk of eradicating the affected tooth. Fissure caries is localized in dental fissures.
What kind of "beast" is this?
A person who is far from medicine, after hearing the word "fissure", may become confused. Fissures are localized on the tooth surface of the cavity. They are an integral part of the structure of the teeth. There are depressions in the area of the chewing surfaces( back rows).
There are two types of fissures:
- Open( you can see well the bottom).
- Closed( almost complete closing of the gutter walls).
Reasons for the emergence of
Specific grooves, called fissures, are an excellent place for the accumulation of food leftovers.
If a person has neglected to brush their teeth after eating, then the residues accumulated in the fissures are an amazing nutrient medium for harmful microorganisms( cariogenic).
In a word, the main reason provoking the development of such a serious dental pathology as fissure caries is incorrect oral hygiene.
Symptoms of
The main sign that a person develops caries fissures is a characteristic darkening of tooth enamel. No less specific symptom is considered destruction of the enamel in the fissure area on the chewing surfaces.
Caries fissure is accompanied by paroxysmal painful sensations of aching or "shooting" character. Also hypersensitivity to sweet, hot, acidic and cold external stimuli is observed. This indicates that the hard tissues of the tooth have been damaged.
To recognize the disease
To the most famous diagnostic methods should be attributed:
- visual inspection;
- X-ray diagnostics;
- use of the apparatus for diagnosis of fissures caries.
Visual Inspection
This type of diagnosis helps to identify pathology in openings and is relevant if the dentist is "armed" with a special probe. The downside of this diagnostic method is that it is impossible to get to the recesses of the closed type.
Diagnosis by X-ray
Thanks to the X-ray, the doctor has the ability to determine the degree of carious lesion even if the clinical manifestations are absent. This method of diagnosis is relevant for closed fissures. The disadvantages are the inability to detect pathology at an early stage.
Unique device
In the conditions of modern dental clinic the device for diagnostics of caries fissures is widely used. The work of this carious detector is based on determining the difference between healthy and demineralized tooth tissues.
The advantages of this device include:
- Compact( the length of the device is not more than twenty-one centimeters).
- Easy operation due to battery operation.
- Equipping with two additional probes for determining the pathology and diagnosing the approximate disease.
The customer's teeth must be cleaned and dried before use. This is necessary in order for saliva, which is in the actual departments, contributes to the distortion of the direction of reflection of the beam.
The uniqueness of the device lies in the fact that due to the use of the probe it is possible to diagnose the beginning of the development of deep caries. This is not possible during X-ray diagnostics.
Dentist assistance
Fissure caries treatment can be performed by 2 methods:
- by filling;
- using restorative "inserts".
Filling of problematic teeth
The essence of the filling is that the dentist, "armed" with a drill, drills out the tissues that have undergone a carious process. After that, the defects are sealed with glass ionomer cements and light-cured composites.
Recovery inserts
Treatment of fissure caries with the use of "inserts" is a microprosthesis of a diseased tooth. The main difference between a microprosthesis and a seal is that it is made in a special laboratory. The treatment is as follows:
- first the dentist drills the tissues exposed to the carious process;
- the next stage - making an impression from the tooth and making a new gypsum model;
- manufacturer of remedying the removed portion of the tooth tab;
- fixing the finished "liner" on the tooth.
Reliable protection of
In especially severe cases, the dentist can make a decision regarding the elimination of pathology by radical surgery. This happens when the tooth enamel loses its hardness and becomes loose.
In order to prevent the risk of invasive intervention, it is necessary to take a number of preventive measures in a timely manner.
How to protect your teeth
Every disease is easier to prevent than to try to cure. The carious process is no exception. In order to forget about this dangerous dental pathology once and for all, it is necessary:
- Pay attention to complex oral care( it is very important to carry out the correct cleaning of teeth and use dental floss).
- To exclude from the diet or reduce the use of harmful products for teeth, replacing them with food that contributes to strengthening the enamel.
- Regularly take fluoride and calcium-containing medicines( the dosage is discussed on an individual basis).
- In case the cavity architecture excludes qualitative independent cleaning, it is recommended to pass a painless procedure of its sealing.
- Regularly undergo an examination in the dental office, which will allow timely diagnosis of the disease.
Conclusion
Carious lesion of fissures is a pre-stage of development of a dangerous pathology. The prognosis will be favorable if you undergo dental treatment at this stage. In case of untimely treatment, the consequences can be quite sad.
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