Tablets from diabetes
Ten years ago, in the initial stages of type I diabetes to reduce damage to pancreatic cells, patients were recommended to take immunosuppressants. Their application seemed logical, but the lack of effect and side effects severely limited their use. It is now established that patients with diabetes mellitus need more use of drugs that improve liver function and reduce the time of in in its fat changes. Such preparations include essential oils and vitamins.
Vitamins are needed because when decompensating diabetes, water-soluble vitamins are lost in the urine. Usually, vitamins B, C, A, E, sometimes in the form of multivitamin preparations, are prescribed. In addition to vitamins and drugs that support the function of the liver, prescribe drugs that improve the permeability of the vascular wall, and so-called disaggregating drugs( aspirin, heparin, etc.).
When attaching purulent infections that can cause rapid decompensation of diabetes mellitus, antibiotics are prescribed in large doses and longer than with a patient who does not suffer from diabetes mellitus.
Tablets that reduce blood sugar levels fall into two groups: sulfonamides and biguanides.
Advantages of tablets are the disposal of the patient from daily injections of insulin, a good hypoglycemic effect, a small amount of allergic reactions in their use. The disadvantages of these drugs are as follows:
- the possibility of using only in type II diabetes mellitus;
- they are contraindicated in far-advanced stages of micro- and macroangiopathies, severe vascular diseases, in pregnant women, with a tendency to ketoacidosis.
More than 60% of patients with type II diabetes are treated with tableted hypoglycemic drugs. For more than 40 years, sulfonylurea has remained the mainstay of diabetes type II therapy. The main mechanism for the action of sulfonylurea is the stimulation of the secretion of its own insulin. Any preparation of sulfonylurea after ingestion binds to a specific protein on the membrane of pancreatic cells and enhances the secretion of insulin. In addition, some sulfonylurea drugs restore( increase) the sensitivity of beta cells to glucose. Sulphonylurea drugs are attributed to the effect of increasing the sensitivity of fat, muscle, liver, and some other tissues to insulin action, increasing glucose transport in skeletal muscles, increasing the activity of certain liver enzymes, inhibiting the breakdown of fat, etc.
Like other medicines, tableted sugar-lowering drugs are not devoid of side effects. So, sulfanilamides can give allergic skin reactions, nutritional disorders, changes in blood composition. Biguanides sometimes cause nausea, vomiting, metallic taste in the mouth, abdominal pain, diarrhea. But these complications are quite rare and not pronounced. With ineffectiveness of tableted hypoglycemic preparations, insulin therapy is prescribed.