Cabbage vegetable crops

Cabbage is one of the most common vegetable plants. It is an important source of vitamins, as well as mineral elements( there is a lot of potassium, phosphorus, there is calcium, manganese), sugars and easily digestible proteins.

Recently, there has been a growing demand for broccoli;Chinese cabbage finds more and more new fans, while the popularity of Savoy cabbage is declining. Outside of competition, there are Brussels sprouts and a beloved Brownbeard. With the exception of kohlrabi, which requires less nutrients than other species, cabbage requires a very rich in humus clay soil and a large number of fertilizers. In this case, a high bed is very suitable. With regard to care cabbage also makes high demands. From pests, and above all - caterpillars of butterfly-cabbage, the most reliable method of protection is an early sowing or fine-meshed net against insects, which are thrown on a bed. Against cabbage whales - a very unpleasant fungal disease - helps lime, as well as a break for at least 3 years in planting cabbage on the same bed. Do not despair if at first you fail. Careful care for cabbage will definitely lead you to success.

White cabbage

General information: white cabbage is one of the main vegetable plants in the garden. It is a very ancient culture that originates from a wild species that grows along the Atlantic coast of Western Europe and North Africa. Cabbage is a two-year culture. By the end of the first year, a head is formed, which is an overgrown apical bud. The head is formed 1,5-2,5 months depending on the early maturity of the variety. During this time, the stalk - a stump - thickens. In the second year, flowering shoots grow, giving a brush of yellow flowers. Blossoms cabbage 15-25 days. Pollination is crossed by bees and other insects, it is easily crossed with cabbage of Brussels, Savoy, color, leaf, kohlrabi, but not perepylyaetsya with Chinese, and also with turnips, radishes and radishes. Fruit is a narrow long( up to 10 cm) pod. Seeds of cabbage in appearance look like seeds of rutabaga, mustard and turnip. You can distinguish plants only after the emergence of shoots or the first real leaf: in cabbage, the leaf surface is smooth, and in rutabaga, mustard and turnip - with pubescence. In the first year the plant forms heads with leaves, on the second - flower stalk and seeds( stem erect, inflorescences long, flowers bisexual).In the garden can be grown both early varieties for consumption in the summer period, and later - for storage or salting. A kind of cabbage is cabbage, which has not yet become widespread. It requires less area, grows on light sandy soils and also begins to bear fruit earlier than white cabbage.

Requirements: Cabbage is placed in open, unprotected areas. The soil is treated at various times depending on the variety: under the early - in the spring, at the end of April;under medium and late - in late August - September, after harvesting the predecessor. In spring, when the soil ripens, it is dug to a depth of 15-18 cm.

Fertilizers for cabbage are applied depending on soil fertility: on well-cultivated, humus-rich soils, fertilizer doses are lower, the poor are accordingly higher. Cabbage belongs to the group of cold-resistant vegetable crops.

The optimum daily temperature at which it normally grows is 13-18 ° C.Seedlings develop best at daytime temperatures of 12-18 ° C and nighttime 8-10 ° C.Culture is hygrophilous. The need for it in water depends on age. For germination of seeds, high humidity is required - 50 % of the seed mass. As the number of leaves increases, the need for water rises and reaches its maximum at the time of formation of the head, when each plant consumes about 10 liters of water daily. But a month before the harvest watering cabbage is limited. The most economical watering in the holes with subsequent sprinkling of dry ground. The water consumption is 0.5-2 liters per plant, depending on its age.

Since the first days of life white cabbage needs bright lighting. The slightest blackout, thickening, untimely thinning of the shoots lead to drawing out of the plants, weakening their resistance to the black stalk, and downy mildew. Cabbage consumes a large amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, somewhat less - calcium, magnesium and very slightly - manganese and molybdenum. Therefore, it is necessary to feed the plants: in the foraging period it needs all the basic nutrients in an easily accessible form, after planting in the soil to restore the roots and build up the leaves - nitrogen, and with intensive growth of the head - potassium and phosphorus.

Composition: cabbage contains carbohydrates, proteins, organic acids, vitamins A, B, PP, U, potassium, phosphorus, calcium, iron, manganese, as well as phytoncides and thioglycosides. Vitamin C in cabbage is the same as in oranges and lemons.

Cultivation: for the production of cabbage harvest in June-July, seedlings of early varieties are preliminarily grown in hotbeds or film greenhouses with heating. Seeds before planting are decontaminated, standing in water, heated to 48-50 ° C, for 20 minutes, after which it is cooled and dried. In boxes of 6-8 cm in height, a mixture of turf and peat( 1: 1) or humus soil is poured and grooves are made up to 1 cm deep. Seeds in the furrow are laid out at a distance of 0.5 cm, 2 cm between the rows. After seeding, the furrows are leveled, the ground is slightly compacted and abundantly watered through a fine strainer.

So that the top layer of the soil does not dry up, the boxes are covered with a film and left in the room. After 4 days, when the seedlings appear, the film is removed, and the boxes are transferred to a cooler place.

Grades

Early ripening ( ripen 55-60 days after transplanting into the soil) June - heads mature for 12-14 days, have a rounded shape, weight 1 - 1.2 kg. No. 1 fungus 147 is the most common variety;in the suburbs ripens in July( when planting seedlings in late April).Rosette compact of small sessile leaves with a very weak waxy coating, rare veins. Kochan rounded, small, medium density, weight 1 - 1.5 kg.

Medium-term ( 70-75 days) Golden hectare The has a compact, medium-sized rosette with a smooth fabric and a smooth edge. The leaves are dark green with a weak waxy coating. It is rounded, on a section white with a greenery, weighing 1.2-2 kg.

Stakhanovka 1513 - round head, large medium density, resistant to cracking, weighing 1.5-2.5 kg. This is one of the most fruitful varieties among all the early ripening varieties.

Average ripeness ( 80-120 days) Belarusian 455 - rosette sprawling, large. The leaf tissue and the edge are smooth. The veins are coarse, fan-shaped or parallel. The color of the leaf is blue-green, wax coating to a strong one. The head is round or flat, very dense, on a section of white, weighing 2.5-3 kg. Hope - the color of the leaf is dark green, the wax coating is weak. Rounded or flat rounded, medium-sized, thick, with white section, 3-3.5 kg.

The glory of is round, sometimes slightly flattened, of medium density, on the cut is white, weighing 3-5 kg. The fabric of the sheet is smooth, the edge is strongly wavy, which makes the head very elegant.

Mid-late varieties ( 106-110 days) Krasnodar 1 - head in a cut white or with a cream shade, large, medium-density, flat-rounded. Suitable for souring.

Judge 146 - head is rounded with a banner upward, medium density, in a pale-cream section, suitable for souring.

Seedlings dive into other boxes( or better - in paper cups or nutritious cubes).After picking the seedlings put in a warm room( at 18-21 ° C) for 2-3 days for rooting. As soon as cotyledons rise, the boxes are transferred to a room with a more moderate temperature - 12-17 ° C.When a second leaf appears, the seedlings are fed with a solution of bird droppings( 1: 2) or ammonium nitrate( 20 g per 1 liter).Seedlings of early cabbage before planting should be squat, stocky, have 5-6 well-developed leaves. Seedlings are planted at a distance of 30-35 cm in a row and 50-60 cm between rows.

seedlings of medium-ripening varieties are grown in a nursery, sowing seeds in soil fertilized with manure or compost and limestone flour, under a nest marker according to the scheme of 2 x 10 cm at the rate of 2-3 plants per well. Planted in open ground in early June. The rows are denoted by twine, stretched to pegs, at a distance of 60-70 cm. In a row through 50-60 cm, make holes and water them. It is also good to put a handful of humus into the hole. The seedlings are planted a little deeper than it grew in the nursery, they are covered with earth and watered. seedlings of late-ripening varieties are grown in a greenhouse or in a greenhouse for 20-30 days before starting work in the garden. Seeds are sown in the first decade of April in boxes, and seedlings dive at the end of the month in a greenhouse or on ridges under a film. The warmed ridges are prepared from the fall: they make 8-10 kg / m2 of manure and form them with a height of 10-12 cm and a width of 80 cm. In the spring, the ridges are sprinkled with ashes to accelerate the melting of snow, then the soil is well loosened, leveled with rakes and marked with a foil marker( 4-5 x 10 cm).Choose seedlings with a clod of earth, digging up a scoop.

Care: in the first 3-5 days watering is performed daily. The first loosening of rows is carried out immediately after planting to a depth of 5-8 cm, the subsequent - up to 12-25 cm. With insufficient precipitation, looser is smaller, with abundant - deeper. The first cultivation of varieties - 10-20 days after planting, later - in 25-30 days. Varieties with a short stump are enough to hill 1 time, with a higher - 2-3 times. All kinds of cabbage require a strong top dressing. The first top dressing is combined with hilling, which is best done after watering or precipitation, the second and third - 20 days after the previous one. The first top dressing is most effective, especially for early cabbage. In top dressing, add( in g / m2 of the active substance): in the first - nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, 1.5-2.5;in the second - 2-3. If fertilizing was applied to the holes during planting, the first fertilizing is not carried out. In top dressing it is also good to use water-diluted slurry( in the ratio 1: 3-4), Mullein( 1: 4-5) or bird droppings( 1: 8-10, 1-1.5 liters per plant).Organic fertilizers have a positive effect on taste. Try to make fertilizers in the fall, in the spring you can add compost to the soil. As cabbage grows, further compost additives are also recommended. A high demand for nutrients is met in a balanced form. Horn flour or nettle mass is suitable for late varieties as an additional fertilizer in early summer. In addition, dolomite flour can be added at any time as a means to improve the quality of the soil. Early varieties receive fewer fertilizers compared to late varieties. To get big heads, in the spring in soil you can make some organic-mineral complex fertilizers. In cold weather, the effect of organic fertilizers is manifested much later. Overabundance of fertilizers should be avoided.

In the dry period, produce abundant watering, because in warm weather cabbage leaves require a lot of water. To keep the soil moist, it is recommended to mulch between cabbage rows.

Cabbage whales can be avoided with careful care. The fact of the disease is established when the plant is extracted from the ground by the presence of lumpy thickenings on the root neck. Affected plants must be discarded. The causative agents of the mucous fungus live in the soil for years, and therefore, in the event of the appearance of this disease, cabbage should not be planted for 6 years on this bed. As a preventive measure, it is recommended, even with a healthy harvest, to plant cabbage on this area only after 4 years. Sometimes they create problems with earthen fleas. Always keep the soil moist. Cabbage aphids are washed off with a strong stream of water, you can also sprinkle with dolomite flour. With caterpillars butterfly-cabbage butterflies can also be successfully combated with the help of dolomite flour. In the case of large-scale invasion of caterpillars, the drug Bacillus-thuringiensis is effective. However, in most cases it is enough to simply collect the tracks.

Harvesting: harvesting of early varieties of cabbage is carried out selectively in 2-3 terms, and mid-late and late - 1 time before the onset of frosts with a temperature of -3-5 ° C.The heads intended for winter storage are cleaned with 3-4 green healthy leaves and a stump 2-3 cm long. They drive the heads to the storage places on the cleaning day, otherwise they will wither. After carefully cutting the heads on the stump with the remaining lower leaves, you can grow a second crop of small( up to 200 grams) heads. For this, the aisles are repeatedly loosened, fertilized, and the stems are hilled.

Braunkol, or forage cabbage

General information: Braunkol is a wild form and is the most ancient type of cabbage. Its cultivation is less problematic in comparison with other species, and it is able to harvest even in winter. Grades of brown-beetle are divided into autumn and winter. New varieties are distinguished by good frost resistance.

Requirements: much more modest compared to other types of cabbage. Braunkol grows on almost any soil, if it is sufficiently moist. However, sandy soils require a significant amount of compost, otherwise the leaves turn yellow before the time. Braunkol can grow even in a semi-shadowed place. Like other types of cabbage, brown-pine requires a soil with a high pH, ​​so lime is needed.

Cultivation: sowing is performed from the beginning of May to the middle of June. It is recommended to sow on an additional bed so that the sown areas can be used for growing other vegetables.

Depth of planting - 1 cm. Seedlings are transplanted until mid-July. To obtain a winter crop, planting should be carried out a little later. The distance between the rows and the interval within the row is 45 cm.

Care: permanent loosening of the soil. Watering as necessary, but necessary at the right time.

Fertilizers are introduced similarly to white cabbage, only the amount of fertilizers required is slightly less. Brownukol is not very susceptible to diseases. The main danger is represented by caterpillars of the butterfly-cabbage butterfly.

Harvesting: a special taste of brown-brown gets after exposure to frost. True, while this slightly reduces the content of vitamins. Frost resistance depends on the variety. Do not leave autumn varieties too long in the garden. Frost resistant varieties can yield crops several times.

Of the remaining stalks in the spring shoots grow, which once again bring a small harvest.

Broccoli

General information: the head of broccoli, also called asparagus, consists of formed buds of green or purple. During the season the plant gives lateral shoots, on which smaller heads are formed than on the central shoot. Leaves are small, strongly corrugated. Vegetation period is up to 70-80 days.

Requirements: it grows well on various soils rich in humus, fertilized with lime and containing a sufficient amount of moisture. Plants well tolerate summer heat, but when it comes off, you need to harvest as early as possible, as the buds blossom quickly.

Ingredients: broccoli has a higher nutrient content than other cabbages, especially carotene, vitamin B1 and B2 and C vitamins( up to 100 mg%).

Cultivation: it is recommended to grow seedlings. For the early harvest, the seeds are sown in early March in a greenhouse, followed by a picket sprouting in the greenhouses. Plant seedlings and sow seeds in the soil( with a non-crop culture) at the end of April. The second term for sowing seeds in the open ground is the beginning of June( for autumn use).The best seedlings are 35-45 days old. To produce early products, choose fertile areas, well warmed by the sun and protected from cold winds. On 1 m2 plant 7-8 plants( at intervals of 50 x 20 cm).

Late broccoli can be sown directly into the open ground to a permanent place. Then the harvest ripens earlier and it turns out more abundantly, although it requires a lot of labor for nursing and the garden is occupied for a longer time. Three seeds are laid in the hole with an interval of 40 cm. Of the three, the strongest germinates. Light frosts do not pose a threat to young plants. Like any kind of cabbage, the plant should be digested as deeply as possible. Do not forget to add lime to the planting holes to avoid cabbage whales.

Care: weeding, loosening of the soil, hilling of plants and watering. Fertilizers are introduced in the same way as white cabbage, only a slightly smaller amount is required.

Harvesting: after cutting off the central heads in the leaf axils after 5-7 days, lateral ones appear that are removed as they mature. Commodity qualities of heads remain in hot weather for 1-2 days, in cool and in autumn - 4-5 days. Under favorable weather conditions, harvest can be collected in early June. In hot weather, it is important not to miss the most appropriate time for collection. Yellow flower buds in broccoli open faster than in cauliflower, and then the plant is no longer suitable for food. If the volume of the crop of lateral shoots is negligible, it is better to dig the plant out of the ground, freeing up space for the next crop.

Usage: soup is prepared from the broccoli heads, they are boiled and roasted, a tender dish is prepared from tender stems, as from green asparagus.

Brussels sprouts

General information: small cabbage soup of Brussels sprouts is a tasty and nutritious treat for autumn and, even more so, winter periods. Most varieties are frost-resistant, so rich in vitamins and minerals, kochanchiki in warm climatic conditions can be collected until March. In the first year of life gives a stalk with a height of 20-60 cm, in the axils of the leaves of which up to 40-60 kochanchikov with a diameter of 1.5-4 cm, with a total mass of up to 800 g.

. Requirements: prefers loamy soils, demanding moisture and fertility of the earth. It can not be grown on fresh manure, as in this case the formation of the head of the head is delayed and they become loose. Acidic soils must be limed, which prevents the defeat of the roots of the whale. When planting, only mineral fertilizers are applied in the same doses as for white cabbage.

Composition: contains a lot of protein, in kochanchiki more potassium than sodium, which determines its value in the therapeutic diet of hypertensives.

Cultivation: sowing is performed from the end of March to the beginning of May in the greenhouse or in the open ground on an additional bed under the film. It is also recommended to sow under glass. In a pot with a diameter of 8 cm, 3 seeds are laid. The temperature is 12-16 ° C.The time of disembarkation to the open ground is from May to mid-June. The area occupied by a single plant is 60 x 50 cm.

Care: it is necessary to pinch the apical buds in time for the harvesting of better quality( at the stage of compaction of the head buds).Need loosening of the soil and watering. A good growth of cabbage is favored by mulching. Usually in September, the top of the plant is pruned to direct the force of its growth to the formation of heads( some new varieties do not need it).However, as a result of this measure, frost resistance is somewhat reduced.

The provision of nutrients is the same as that of white cabbage. Excess fertilization makes the heads loose, unsuitable for consumption. Yellowing of the lower leaves after prolonged rains may be a consequence of a lack of nitrogen. Add some horny flour. With abundant application of compost, no additional fertilizers are needed. Sometimes a cabbage fly attacks the plant. A special net, pulled over the bed, prevents the laying of eggs.

The most popular variety is Hercules 1342. On the stem, which reaches a height of 30-50 cm, there are 20-30 kochanchikov, twisted from corrugated leaves. Ripens through 140-150 days after emergence when sowing seeds and 105-110 days later - seedlings grown in greenhouses or hotbeds before the emergence of 5-6 leaves. The yield from one plant reaches 250-300 g. This cabbage is characterized by a high frost resistance and a long vegetation period, so it is removed last among other vegetables( late October - early November).

Harvest: depending on the variety, from the beginning of October. Frost contributes to improving the taste of Brussels sprouts. Since not all heads are ripening simultaneously, they are collected in several receptions. Brussels sprouts are stored frozen. Defrosted heads should be eaten immediately, because they can no longer be stored.

Usage: Brussels sprouts are used fresh and boiled, for canning and freezing, useful for diseases of the cardiovascular system and diabetes.

Chinese cabbage

General information: this vegetable plant comes from China and is gaining wider recognition in our country. Chinese cabbage( Chinese)( Pak-khoi) and Beijing( pec-tsyi), which have both head and leaf forms, are Chinese cabbages. This is a one-year, cold-resistant, very early-maturing, moisture-demanding culture. The leaves are collected in a dense rosette, which can reach a diameter of 30-50 cm. Chinese cabbage is placed after cucumbers, tomatoes, onions, zucchini, legumes.

Requirements: The main advantage of Chinese cabbage is that it is grown in any climatic conditions. Light-loving, but resistant to shading. A high yield is formed in warm weather and a shortened day on well-cultivated fertile soils with sufficient moisture. Important factors are factors such as lime content and soil moisture. Compost additives are necessary, and peat is strictly forbidden, as the acidic medium contributes to the appearance of cabbage whales.

Ingredients: rich in mineral salts, protein( twice that of white cabbage), vitamins C, B 1, B2 and carotene.

Cultivation: seeds mixed with sawdust or sand( for uniformity of sowing), seedlings sow at a depth of 0.5-1 cm in late January - early February. Seedlings dive in phase 1-2 of the true leaves into rows at a distance of 3-4 cm from each other. In the phase 4-5 leaves of the plant are planted in a protected soil according to the scheme: leaf varieties - 10 x 10 cm, head - 20 x 20 cm.

When growing seedlings for open soil seeds are sown on April 22-27.In the soil 25-30-day seedlings are planted on June 5-10.When growing without seedlings, the seeds are planted in open soil in three periods: in late April-early May, then in 15 days and in late July-early August, as in summer planting plants prematurely shoot. The last crop is done under winter for production in the spring.

Varieties

For open ground, the grade is very suitable. Khibiny - resistant to stalking, very early maturing, semi-baked. The leaves are dark green, large, rich in vitamins, proteins, mineral salts, with slightly bubble edges of a yellow-green color. Kochan is elongated-cylindrical, weighing 70-80 grams. Unfortunately, the variety is strongly affected by a whale and is damaged by a cruciferous flea.

sorted for protected soil. The is a pallet-chased, early maturing, grown in spring film greenhouses. Leaves sessile with wavy and crenate edges, tender, intensely-green. Plant weight 40-120 g. From shoots to consumption in winter greenhouses, 58-62 days pass, in spring - 30-40.The variety is resistant to diseases.

Care: during the short life of the plant only loosening of the soil and weeding are required. Under no circumstances should the soil dry out. When the plant becomes sluggish and limp limp, it can be saved with copious irrigation, but the taste will suffer noticeably. Even at the sprout stage, Chinese cabbage requires a sufficient amount of water.

With regard to nutritional requirements, Chinese cabbage differs markedly from its relatives and is more like a cabbage salad. This need is relatively small. Before sowing, organic fertilizers must be introduced into the soil. Sometimes there is a need for subsequent small additives of fertilizers. Plants tend to get sick with cabbage whales. At the same place, any cabbage can be grown only at intervals of 4 years.

As a preventive measure, lime is added to the planting hole.

Harvest: harvesting begins at a plant height of 8-10 cm. In autumn they are excavated with roots and a clod of earth, they are buried in cellars( cellars) in a layer of moistened sand close to each other and stored at 0-2 ° C.Chinese cabbage easily withstands light frosts.

Usage: in the food is both fresh and processed.

Red cabbage

In addition to the red color of the leaves, red cabbage differs little from white cabbage. It has been established that some of the plant pigment substances that color plants eliminate the harmful effects of radiation on humans, prevent the development of anemia, and phytoncides develop a tubercle bacillus, red cabbage is colder than white, less damaged by pests and diseases, has denser heads that are well kept in winter. It also grows on relatively light soils. Variety of its variety is small. The period of growth is long - 160 days, so the seedlings grown in the open ground, planted in late May - early June. Otherwise, the growing conditions are the same. Red cabbage is used for salads, marinating, it is included in the diet for the treatment of acute chronic bronchitis and other diseases.

In Russia, only three varieties of red cabbage are grown:

Gako 741 - medium late, ripens 135-150 days after emergence, yielding, quite heat resistant, resistant to cracking. Kochan is round, dense, dark purple.

Stone head 447 - is a medium-ripening, vegetative period from emergence to technical ripeness of 125-130 days. The head is rounded, small, dense, in a cut red-violet, juicy, tender.

Mikhnevskaya is medium-ripening, ripens after 125-130 days after sprouting emerges. Kochan is very dense, large, violet with a reddish tinge, high taste qualities. Shelf life of all varieties is from 3 to 5 months.

Kohlrabi

General information: in the first year it forms a turnip thickening( stalk) from a grown stem, pale green or violet, on the second - a flower stem and seeds. Kohlrabi is usually used as a sealant and planted with late-ripening varieties of cabbage, tomatoes, cucumbers, and also as a re-culture after harvesting early green vegetables - radish, lettuce, spinach, onion on a feather.

Requirements: soil and climate do not play a decisive role, however the most qualitative stems are formed on fertile, moisture-endowed soils. In places with unfavorable conditions, however, it is better to produce early crops under glass or under a film. The most preferable are humus-rich, but light soils. To obtain a healthy yield, sufficient lime content( pH 7.0) is important.

Kohlrabi does not require a lot of fertilizer, because it refers to the average consumers. Along with the compost, the plant should receive fertilizers in the fall, for example, a rotted or dry manure. You can make some fertilizer as the young plants grow. For this, the nettle mass will work well.

Cultivation: the middle of February is the best time to grow seedlings for open ground. The deadline for sowing for the fall harvest is mid-July. To have an early crop, you need seedlings. For germination, a temperature of 18-20 ° C is required. Then the temperature may be lower, but not below 12 ° C.Direct sowing in the open ground with subsequent thinning is possible from the middle of April, although this practice is quite rare. Depth of laying seeds is 1 cm.

Seedlings should be planted as high as possible, otherwise good tubers can not form. Pour lime into the planting hole if it was not added to the soil in winter. The area, sufficient for a single plant, is 30 x 25 cm. Late cultivars are planted with somewhat larger intervals. Giant varieties require even more space: 60 x 60 cm. When planting early plants it is recommended to cover with a film. The best time of planting is the end of April - the middle of May. Although kohlrabi tolerates light frosts, at low temperatures growth is inhibited and the propensity to shoot is increased. In a greenhouse, plants can be planted more densely: on an area of ​​25 x 20 cm. The ideal temperature is 18 ° C, although usually it is slightly lower. Above 20 ° C airing is necessary. After 4-6 weeks after picking, the plants are transplanted to the garden in an open ground. Kolrabi can be grown even earlier in the greenhouse, along with a head of lettuce. The harvest ripens by April.

The most common early Lemm white is 1350, which is ready for use 60-70 days after germination. The stems are round-flat, with a diameter of 7-8 cm, weighing 80-100 g.

Care: soil moisture is important. With a lack of water, the stems are bursting or they acquire a woody taste. Continuous plant growth without delays is a prerequisite for the proper development of stems.

Plants are susceptible to cabbage whale disease, so it is necessary to ensure that fruit bearing with other types of vegetables is carried out in due time. Occasionally, kohlrabi is attacked by cabbage flies. Protective grid prevents flies from laying eggs. From flies, as well as from butterflies-cabbage, is also protected by early sowing. Snails pose a threat mainly to young plants.

Harvest: do not try to grow very large tubers. The best and most delicate taste are tubers with a diameter of 6 cm. However, in new varieties the danger that the tubers will grow into and become stiff is no longer so great. Giant kohlrabi varieties, long remaining on the bed, are surprisingly tender in taste.

Usage: I write a stalk, which looks like a cabbage cabbage( but more tender and sweeter).It is cleaned and consumed in fresh form for salads, as well as stewed, boiled, cooked soup from it, etc. Kohlrabi is used in children's and dietary nutrition, especially with gastrointestinal diseases.

Savoy cabbage

General information: Savoy cabbage was given its name on behalf of the Italian county of Savoy, the local population of which grew it from time immemorial. In our country, cabbage is known since the end of the XVIII century. Her cultivation in many respects is similar to the cultivation of her relatives - white and red cabbage.

Savoy cabbage is more endurance and can withstand a little frost. Special varieties of Savoy cabbage in suitable climatic conditions can winter and bring the harvest in May.

Requirements: this cold and drought-resistant crop is less damaged by pests and diseases than others. It tolerates heavy soils, peat bogs, low places, loves floodplains. Plants are responsive to the application of fertilizers, especially organic( 8-10 kg / m2), as well as increased doses of potassium - on floodplains and phosphoric - on heavy loam.

Ingredients: rich in proteins and vitamins. A lot of carbohydrates and organic acids, fiber, vitamins C, B1;B2, K, E, provitamin A, and also mineral salts, especially potassium.

Cultivation: Savoy cabbages are grown in the same way as early or medium-late varieties of white cabbage. Seeds for seedlings sow 15-25 March. Seedlings are planted with a row spacing of 50-60 cm, the distance between plants in the row for the early ripening is 35 cm, late ripening - 50 cm.

For 1 m2, 5-6 plants of the Jubilee variety 2170 and 3-4 - Vertue 1340 are required.

The most commonly used varieties

Vertue 1340 - medium late, ripens after 135-140 days after germination, yielding. Kochan is flat-convex in shape, large in medium density. Weight 1,2-2,7 kg. Demanding to moisture, non-heat resistant. Used in the autumn-winter period, stored for 2-3 months.

Jubilee 2170 - early maturing, ripens through 105-110 days after emergence. Kochan is medium, roundish with slightly corrugated tender leaves. Weight 0,9-2,2 kg. Designed for summer consumption.

Care: as in the case of white cabbage. If Savoy cabbage was struck by cabbage aphids, preferring young plants, it can be washed off with water or sprinkled with dolomite flour. To fight the caterpillars, you can plant a fern between the rows of cabbage.

Harvest: in May the Savoy cabbage is ready for harvesting. The harvest of early sowing can be collected already from the middle of June. Late varieties can stay in the garden even before November. New varieties can withstand frosts down to -15 ° С.In the conditions of warm weather, Savoy cabbage should be left as long as possible in the ground, since the storage period is less than in cabbage.

Use: Savoy cabbage is not suitable for sauerkraut, but it is perfectly suitable for preparing first and second courses, pie fillings, as a salad dressing.

Cauliflower

General information: cauliflower is one of the most common vegetable crops. Since ancient times, it was cultivated in Syria, Greece, Spain, from where it then spread to Western Europe. In Russia, it appeared in the late 18th century. This is a very labor-intensive crop, and it is very rare to grow snow-white heads. Grades with green heads are still rare;they contain more vitamins than varieties with white heads. Recently, varieties with purple and yellow cabbages have appeared, although their dimensions are very small. Has a short, somewhat widening up stem with large leaves. Root stem, located at a depth of up to 60 cm, sometimes up to 100-120 cm. Unlike other varieties of cabbage, the root system of cauliflower is not so powerful, and to strengthen the formation of accessory roots it needs to be hilled.

Requirements: an annual light-loving plant, which already gives seeds in the first year, but this requires a vegetative period of 200-300 days. The formation of the head of cauliflower begins after a powerful rosette develops, therefore, in order to ensure a high yield, it is necessary to create favorable conditions for the growth of rosette leaves immediately after transplanting the seedlings into the open ground. The temperature of the air and soil is strongly influenced by the growth of the leaves and the formation of the heads. Thus, leaf buds and leaves grow well at 8-10 ° C, but the most favorable temperature is 13-18 ° C.Temperature above 25 ° C and lack of moisture lead to the formation of a weak sheet device. To form the heads, the temperature is most favorable at 14-18 ° C( at low temperatures this process is delayed, at high temperatures it grows).Cauliflower is quite cold and tolerates light frosts, but when the temperature drops to -4-5 ° C it must be insulated. No less important for the successful culture of cauliflower is the fertility of the soil. For cultivation it is more suitable soil, dressed with fertilizers, not very heavy. The best predecessors are cucumbers, onions, early potatoes, root crops, bean grasses. It can not be returned to its original place in less than 3-4 years, and also grown in areas where radish, radish, turnip and other cabbage crops grew. Cauliflower responds well to high-speed mineral fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers, introduced into fertilizing during the growth of leaves.

Ingredients: in cauliflower, more than half of the nitrogenous substances are easily digestible proteins and very little fiber. By the amount of vitamin C it is 2-3 times higher than white cabbage. It contains a large number of vitamins B1, B2, B9 and PP.Cauliflower is rich in salts of potassium, iron, phosphorus, it includes trace elements - cobalt, magnesium, iodine, and other valuable substances.

Cultivation: the earliest harvest from the open ground is obtained by planting seedlings following the planting of early white cabbage or simultaneously with it. For this, seedlings are expelled in greenhouses in nutritious pots or cubes. Seeds for seedlings are sown in sowing boxes 35 x 50 cm to a depth of 0.5 cm, followed by picking plants at the age of 8-10 days in pots or sowing seeds in greenhouses and in open ground. Sow from 5-15 March to 1-5 June, from 25 July to 15 August in 3-4 days with interruptions of 15-20 days in a nutritious mixture consisting of 45% humus, 50 % turf soil, 5% mullein, orfrom peat, manure and sawdust in the ratio of 3: 1: 1c by adding in all variants to the bucket a mixture of ash in the volume of a 0.5-liter jar. The planting scheme for seedlings depends on the maturity of cabbage: for early ripening varieties the distance is 25 x 70 cm, the median is 35 x 70 cm, and the middle-aged - 40 x 70 cm.

Care: 1-2 dressings are applied to accelerate the growth of leaves, making for every 10m2 per 100-120 grams of ammonium nitrate and superphosphate, 50 g of potassium chloride. In arid weather, the fertilizer should be dissolved in water and given in a liquid form. During the entire period of cultivation, loosen the row spacing to a depth of 8-10 cm, destroy the weeds, plant the plants until they close the leaves, and water them. An important method of care for cauliflower is the shading of the emerging heads from sunlight. For this purpose, 2-3 tops are broken and cover the head with them. This protects it from yellowing and premature disintegration into parts.

Grades

Early ripened - Warranty, the head is round-flat, white with a cream tinge and white-yellow, dense, coarse, with a diameter of 15-20 cm, weight 0.26-1.7 kg. Resistant to lodging. From shoots to collection takes 70-98 days. The variety is resistant to vascular bacteriosis. Movir 74 - cold-resistant, heat-tolerant, responsive to watering. The head is round-flat, white, rarely white and yellow, very dense, coarse, with a diameter of 12-23 cm, weighing 0.3-1.3 kg. Resistant to diseases. Suitable for growing both in open and protected ground. Early Gribovskaya 1355 is medium-resistant to high temperatures. The head is round-flat, white or white-yellow, medium-large and large, 12-21 cm in diameter, weighing 0.2-1 kg. When sowing seeds from 1 to 5 March and planting in the soil from 1 to 10 May, the heads mature on June 5-10.

Medium-Middle - Domestic: is plastic, relatively resistant to unfavorable climatic conditions. The head is round-flat, white, medium and large, with a diameter of 10-19 cm, weighing 0.6-1 kg. Suitable for growing in open and protected ground.

Harvest: cabbage is removed selectively, as it ripens. In the fall collection, not completely formed heads grow under cover - burlap, film, etc. If it takes a long time to ripen, plants are chosen with a clod of earth, buried in a greenhouse, moistened and sprinkled with peat.

Usage: Cauliflower works particularly well for the work of the stomach. Used in fresh or processed form( boiled, fried and stewed), in salads or for the preparation of soups, side dishes, casseroles and other dishes.