Features of newborns
Motor reactions. The arms are bent, they can be diluted with difficulty, they are pressed to the body;legs bent;Holds the head for 1-2 seconds, then tilts forward, drops;lying on the tummy, can slightly raise the head, so as not to suffocate;the cams are compressed, the thumb inside the cam.
Curious reflexes of newborns
If the child, having taken under the mouse, put on the table, he straightens 1-2 seconds of the leg, then bends. Automatic gait. If the child, supporting under the mouse, put it to touch the feet of the surface, and slightly tilt, he will make 1-2 steps. Talent Reflex. If you put the baby on the adult's arm, then if the skin of the back is irritated, it will bend the trunk with the boat. Phenomenon of creeping. When positioned on the tummy, the child reflexively pushes his legs away from the palm of an adult attached to his soles.
Moro Reflex. The child lies on the adult's arm on the tummy. When you slap on the buttocks, he will symmetrically wrap his hands around the adult's arm.
Grasping, or the reflex of Robinson. If you touch your finger to the palm of your child, he grabs a finger. The grip is very strong;so that a newborn can hold a weight of up to 800 grams. If you grab your fingers with both handles, the child can be raised.
Al Sucker. If you put a pacifier in your mouth, the baby immediately begins to suck. Al Proboscis. When holding a finger on the upper edge of the lips, the child
pulls his lips into the tube. Al Nosova. The irritation of the nasal mucosa blinks and draws the arms to the
nose. Al Migratory. This is a protective reflex: the child closes his eyes to a bright light, a loud sound, a whiff.
Reflexes of the baby of the 1st month of life
If you turn the child's head to the right, his right arm will go up and the left arm will bend. The child will accept the position of the so-called fencer's pose. Thus, the child is prepared in the future to turn over on his side. This position is determined by tonic cervical reflexes, and, being unconditioned reflexes, they appear in the child later than others. Gradually the reflexes fade, and by the 3rd month they must disappear. At 3-4 weeks you can notice that the baby's movements become less chaotic and impulsive. He slows down in motion at the sound of the voice, then again renews them. When the adult turns again, the baby again freezes and again knits with pauses, pivots the head. Such actions are called motor revival. Thus, the child attracts the attention of an adult to himself.
Sensory responses. A newborn child has the ability to distinguish between taste. He distinguishes between sweet, salty and sour. It reacts to smells of aromatic substances with a grimace of the face, motor anxiety and cry.
Spotting reactions. Previously there was a perception that the newborn sees everything upside down, does not distinguish between separate objects. Now it is refuted. On the contrary, it became clear that the still very imperfect visual apparatus of the newborn allows us to perceive the environment in three-dimensional space and to distinguish the form of visual stimuli.
American psychologist R. Franz found that already in the first weeks of life, 5-7 days old, children more often and longer consider vertical figures of a rather complex shape, prefer the chess board images to the usual square, allocate moving and three-dimensional objects, and later secretea schematic representation of a person from other complex patterns.
All this fits into the scheme of human perception and says that the child is programmed by
to interact with adults. The distance at which he sees best is 40-50 cm. This corresponds to the distance between the eyes of the child and the mother during feeding.
In 10 days the baby keeps a moving object in sight. Movements are spasmodic, as if with a delay. Keeps the toy in one direction if you spend it in an arc in front of your eyes at a distance of 30 cm.
In 18-20 days, keeps a fixed object, adult face or toy for 5-10 seconds in the field of vision and can track its movement for a short time,quickly loses sight of.
Auditory responses. In 10 days shudder and blink at sharp sound, if at a distance of 30 cm slap in the palm of your hand.
In 18-20 days a crying child at a strong sound calms down. Auditory concentration - 5-10 seconds.
Speech reactions. It turns out that kids not only know how to perceive sounds, but also distinguish them in height. Special sensitivity is shown to the sounds of human speech. And the most surprising is that a baby prefers meaningful, coherent speech to an arbitrary set of syllables, and listening to his own voice recorded on tape can calm him down. As studies by psychologists have shown, babies are sensitive to sucking adults. They prefer this style of communication to others. The child feels protected and literally bathes in the waves of love and tenderness, expressed in the words and voice of loved ones.
Voice responses. Scream loud, sonorous, crying strong, smacking - all this prepares the respiratory and voice apparatus for speech reactions.
Intelligence. The first conditioned reflexes appear early. They differ from unconditional ones in that they are not congenital, but are produced under certain repetitive conditions. Already a two-week-old baby whose mother is breastfeeding begins to make sucking movements if you pick it up in the position in which its
Do not worry:
• when the newborn shudders the if it is quickly lowered, with loud sound or when light is switched on. This form of sensitivity persists for two months. In a deep sleep, the baby shudders without any irritation about once every 2 minutes. There may be spontaneous flinch, but not so regular;9 the child easily falls into irritation and passes from a state of the benighted to a state of extreme displeasure suddenly. This is normal for a given period;
• The child opens his eyes when he is lifted to the upright position. This is also a curious feature of newborns. It is called the puppet-eye effect.
• If we silently take care of an infant, until the end of the 1st month and even on the 2nd, it is difficult to cause visual and auditory concentration. And this means that the child misses the time allotted to him to form an orienting component of communication.
9 What toys are needed at this age? Toys should be bright, solid colors( red, yellow and orange) or striped( white with black).Suspend toys must be on one line - at a distance of 40-50 cm from his gaze.
• What not to do. The first three weeks the child most of the time sleeps. He does not need big soft toys, loud rattles, ringing bells.
is usually applied to the chest. If you change the position of the child during feeding, for example, to feed him in a sitting position, then after a while at the position of the breast reflex sucking movements will not appear.
From 4-6 weeks of age, the development of conditioned reflexes from all receptors is possible. Conditional reflexes are temporary, they exist until
is needed for the body. The state of reflexes of newborns is determined by his subsequent intellect. Comparing mental development and play, the eminent psychologist Jean Piaget discovered a natural connection between them. The initial period of development of a child who does not yet know the language and receives information primarily from the senses and movements, he called sensory, or sensory-motor, and divided it into six stages, four of which fall on the first year of the child's life.
The first stage of the initial period of development of the baby falls on the first month of life. Kids exercise the skills and skills with which they were born: sucking, movement, reaction to sound, light, temperature.