Sparse-Tiered Crown

For sparse-tiered crone are characterized by strength and stability, low congestion of branches, good illumination and ventilation inside the crown, the convenience of work on the formation of the crown and care for the tree. Fruit tree with sparse-tiered crown requires considerable space on the site.

Another common type of fruit tree crown is the vase-like form of

crown, also called cup-shaped and cauldron. Vase-shaped crown form is an improved form of natural fruitless crown of fruit trees, which consists of a strongly shortened central conductor and 3-5 main branches. The vase-shaped crown shape is suitable for short-lived, rather slabby types of fruit trees and is formed in two versions: normal and improved.

The formation of a simple vase-shaped crown should begin with the fact that the leaves of 3-5 uniformly directed branches of different buds formed from adjacent buds should be left above the stem. The angle of divergence of branches depending on their number can vary from 120 to 90 °.The central conductor must be cut off above the upper branch left. Branches that do not participate in the formation of the crown should be shortened at a distance of 40-50 cm from their base. If on each skeletal branch lay on a pair of outgoing branches of the second order, you will get full-fledged pair branches.

Vaseous form of the crown of fruit trees

1. Formation of a vase-shaped crown: three basic skeletal branches.

2. Formation of a vase-shaped crown with five: major skeletal branches

When forming an improved vase-like crown, leave 3-5 branches of the skeletal branch not from adjacent buds, but from the kidneys located 15 cm apart from each other. In other respects, the techniques for forming an improved vase-like crown are the same as for the formation of a simple vase-like crown.

Advantages of the vase-shaped crown are the good illumination of its internal areas, compactness and moderate height of trees with this type of crown, and hence the associated convenience of caring for trees and harvesting. The disadvantage of this type of crown is some instability of fastening the main branches on the stem. The vase-like shape of the crown is usually formed in light-loving fruit crops in the variant of the improved vase-like crown.

When forming the vase-like crown, it is necessary to ensure that the skeletal branches are not bared, but are evenly covered with overgrowing branches and that the crown is not thickened. To do this, competing shoots and strong branches, growing vertically upward on the inner side of the skeletal branches, should be regularly removed. The center of the crown should always be open to the sun's rays, and its overgrowth must not be allowed. The common form of the crown for fruit trees is the spindle crown, or spindle bushes. This is an artificial small round crown of fruit trees, characterized by the presence of a well-developed central conductor on which the horizontal branches are horizontally arranged horizontally at almost a right angle or slightly elevated at an angle of

10-15 °.The length of horizontal branches reaches from 1.5 to 2 m, and as we approach the tip of the conductor, the length of the branches gradually and proportionally decreases. The height of the fully formed tree does not exceed 2.5-3.5 m.

Those cultivars that are highly predictive of buds are best suited for creating a spindle crown, a moderate tendency to grow and branch, and the branches tend naturallytake a more or less close to the horizontal plane position.

The formation of the spindle-shaped crown starts with the pruning of a one-year-old seedling, which is shortened in spring at a height of 70-90 cm from the soil surface; during the growing season, the branches grow freely, and in the early autumn shoots longer than 60 cm are bent to the horizontal position and tied to the stem orto stakes knocked into the ground. In the spring of next year, the central conductor is cut at a height of 30-40 cm from the last bent branch, if the growth of the tree is weak, this operation should not be performed. The main sense of formative activities is to achieve that there are no empty sections without branches on the central conductor. In all subsequent years, until the plant reaches a height of 2.5-3.5 m, newly formed branches on the central conductor should also be bent to the horizontal position and secured by tying to the lower branches. The distance between the bases of the branches on the central conductor should not exceed 15-20 cm. In case of insufficiently intensive growth of the lateral branches, the central part is . The spindle shaped crown of the

. The vase, or vase-shaped round crown, is one of the classic artificial ornamental crowns of fruit trees. Characterized by the absence of a central conductor and the presence of the main branches, evenly placed in a circle, creating a bowl shape. The number of branches can be different: 6.8, 10, etc. The bowl can be formed from slightly grown varieties of apple and pear grafted on medium-sized rootstocks. To create the shape of the bowl, the seedling is placed inside a prefabricated metal frame, cut at a height of 30-40 cm from the soil surface in such a way as to obtain 3 lateral branches uniformly arranged in a circle. The next year, on each branch, 2 shoots are left and thus receive a vase consisting of 6 basic skeletal branches. If, during the pruning of the seedling, provide for and leave 4 lateral branches, and in the spring of the next year on each of them leave 2 shoots, a vase out of the eight basic skeletal branches will be obtained. In the first 2-3 years, the main branches are tied horizontally to the frame as they grow, and later they are given a vertical position. Formation of the crown lasts up to 5 years. The vase can be made from different types of apple varieties, different in color and shape of the fruit, this will enhance the decorativeness of the

vase. A spiral vase, or spiral cordon, is a kind of vase-like rounded crown shape. For its formation, it is necessary first to make and install a metal cylinder frame with four posts, a wire spanned by a spiral at an angle of 40 ° and a distance of 40 cm between the turns. Next to one of the pillars is planted a seedling, the branches that are guided along the spirals of the frame. Forming the crowns ends when the spiral vase reaches a height of 1.5-2 m and a width of 2 m. It is recommended to regulate the growth of the whit at crown formation by regular summer shoots of the shoots. For the formation of a spiral vase sufered apple and pear varieties

of gardening are suitable and quickly won n & lt;the fruit-growers of Bulgaria, Hungary, France, and other countries. Greater complicated classical forms with strict r0

Of fruit crops in the form of gardening, the most commonly used apple, pear and much less often stone fruit trees of fruit trees. In apple and pear varieties that are characterized by moderate growth and fruiting on the rings, which are annual increments of up to 3 cm in length, with one well-developed apical bud, are most suitable.

Modern types of palmettes have become much simpler in terms of work on their formation, have become more accessible for creation in amateur farms, even without the extensive experience in shaping crowns.

Undisputed advantages of palmettes as trellis forms are compactness of plants, good illumination of all areas of flat crown, high yields per unit of garden area occupied by wood, convenience of caring for the tree's crown and harvesting. The most significant drawbacks are the labor intensity of crown formation, according to some reports, a delay in fruit bearing, a slow increase in the volume of the crop.