Pregnancy - Causes, symptoms and treatment. MF.

Preparation of spouses for the conception of the baby, that is, planning pregnancy, is, firstly, a conscious decision to have a child. But not only. Pregnancy planning is also a medical examination of the organisms of future parents, identification and treatment of diseases that are dangerous to the health of the mother and baby. Dreaming of acquiring an heir, one should remember the physiological changes in the mother's body. It is best if preparation for pregnancy begins 2-3 months before the alleged conception. Ideally, before conception, a woman must address in advance both to the gynecologist and to narrow specialists for diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In addition, it is desirable that the future mother gave the necessary tests and vaccinations( against rubella and hepatitis B).Thus, the correct and timely planning of pregnancy will ensure a painless course of pregnancy and the birth of a healthy child. Those who wish to have a child are recommended not to take medication, not to smoke, drink alcohol, reduce consumption of coffee, not to go to baths and saunas before conception. It is best to increase the amount of fruits and vegetables in your diet. The period required for conception varies from several months to a year. There is no reason for the disorder if pregnancy did not come in the first month. The gynecologist should be consulted if, within the year of conception, it did not happen.

Usually, by the time the woman first visits the idea that she may be pregnant, it already takes about two weeks from the moment of conception.

The most simple and affordable way to diagnose pregnancy at home is a pregnancy test. You took advantage of the test and received the long-awaited two strips - the pregnancy has come and will be the coveted child. From this moment the time of sharp changes of mood usually begins. Unreasonable joy, then suddenly despondency, irritability, tears - all this is typical for the first three months of pregnancy. Constantly arise new questions: to be a mother - do I really want this, but can I?What place does the child take in the life of the family? How will he be born? Will he be healthy? Is the apartment spacious enough?

In the first weeks and months of pregnancy is not striking. Many women like this. They do not want anyone to disturb them, because you have to be attuned to changes in your life. They enjoy the state of pregnancy. Some simply pride their pride, they can not wait for the belly to become noticeable.

The first pregnancy often causes a low mood. The husband does not say much about the future child, is he not happy? Suffer a little, your husband also needs time to sort out his feelings.

In the first three months of pregnancy, rather, it is felt psychologically, rather than you feel its physiological manifestations.

Nature has made sure that the female body can optimally tune in for pregnancy. But, despite this, many women in the first months of pregnancy feel tired and sleep poorly at night. Hypersensitivity to smells and nausea also apply to the very first and most common complaints. Increases the amount of fluid in the body, so pregnant women often "run" to the toilet and they have to get up in the middle of the night. Mucous membranes are more actively supplied with blood and swell, so they can lay their noses and ears.

In order for a child to be comfortable and he received the necessary amount of nutrients and oxygen, it is necessary to lead a correct lifestyle. At night you need to sleep 8-10 hours, go to bed early and rest during the day. It's better to be out in the open air, it's good if you can walk before bed with your husband. If in the morning there is nausea, try, before you get out of bed, eat a cookie or an apple.

At the beginning of pregnancy( when you do not want anything or "pulls on a salty") do not limit yourself in choosing a meal: you can eat anything you want, but not very much. Try to ensure that your diet includes more dairy products, meat, juices, fruits and vegetables. The desire to eat "specific" foods - such as ash, clay, lime, starch, means that the body lacks vitamins and trace elements, such as iron and calcium. The main thing, pay attention to this doctor!

In fact, what happens in the soul of a pregnant woman is much more difficult. Women themselves consider it their duty to look happy and happy, despite the morning nausea, worry about the future child and future problems. Often women are afraid that if they say anything negative about their feelings, they may think that they are bad mothers or their child is unwanted. Although it is obvious that no one can experience only positive emotions for nine consecutive months, and even in a period when the whole life should change.

Just the most responsible women are prone to tension and anxiety. This is completely normal phenomenon: fears and anxieties help to prepare for future difficult duties, all to change your mind and pereochuvstvovat while there is time.

To accept pregnancy as a reality is the first psychological barrier that has to be overcome by a woman. On the one hand, it's just a biological miracle - almost from nothing there is a new life, a new person.

On the other hand, very soon there will be doubts about yourself: are we ready to be parents? Can we afford a child? How to cope with such changes in life?

• If you have ambivalent feelings about the future of motherhood, remind yourself that this is a normal reaction. To make your child more real, look at the pictures depicting the development of the fetus at different times of pregnancy. These pictures and photos are now available, they are widely published in magazines. Be aware that you are likely to continue to experience conflicting feelings, even if the pregnancy is planned and long-awaited. No one can be happy uninterruptedly.

For many women, the news of the pregnancy is too shocking news that they can keep it secret for over an hour. Others prefer not to publicize this circumstance until they feel more confident. They want to wait out the first three months - the most dangerous - partly out of superstition, partly just to not raise too much noise and not disturb anyone prematurely( especially at work).

• In the first weeks of pregnancy, do what you think is best. If you are from such people who do not mind that others are aware of your problems, you can share the news about pregnancy immediately. Take into account the likely reaction of others. Perhaps your mother will be alarmed and will come urgently to support you at first. Perhaps your boss will be in a panic. Are you ready for this development of events or would you prefer to gather strength and think about your future behavior?

Whatever you decide, open at least one friend or co-worker is better - having a child that was with whom to discuss any problems or in case of sudden need did not have long to explain that to you.

Do not keep your anxiety in yourself, consult more often with your doctor or loved ones. If you are concerned, if not cause your old bad habits abortion or birth defects in the baby, tell yourself that with the past is nothing you can do. Of course, in each specific case it is necessary to consult a doctor to minimize the risk of having a child with these or other health problems. Therefore, try to ensure that from the time of confirmation of pregnancy, everything went as it should. And find a balance between caring for the future child and taking care of yourself.

Just when you are determined to do everything in the best way, a new problem arises: a total loss of control over what is happening. From the first weeks and even days of pregnancy, you belong not only to yourself, but also to the baby that grows and forms in your uterus. It is necessary to get used to a new way of life, to acquire new, healthy habits, to re-prioritize life.

• Slightly loosen the reins, for example, daily repetitive procedures, such as walking, taking vitamins or relaxation, turn into moments of rest. Take a deep breath and tell yourself the words that usually soothe you. And in general, make your life easier: make a comfortable hairstyle, do not use crowded transport, wear comfortable shoes. And most importantly, learn how to seek help. Even if you have not asked for anything before, do it now in the interests of the child.

Unfortunately, the bearing of the fetus does not always go well. In the first trimester of pregnancy, a frozen pregnancy can occur. This medical term means a woman's condition in which the fetus stops developing and dies. The main cause of death of the child is the effect of infections: influenza, chlamydia, toxoplasmosis, herpes, etc. Death of the fetus can lead to genetic abnormalities of the fetus. In addition, hormonal disorders in the mother, autoimmune diseases can disrupt the nutrition and breathing of the child. Frozen pregnancy is also a consequence of the wrong way of life of the mother. Excessive smoking and drinking alcohol( and even more so drugs) can lead to the loss of a child. Frozen pregnancy is imperceptible, passes without pain and spotting. The absence of fetal movement, the discrepancy between the size of the embryo and the expected duration of pregnancy, absence of a heartbeat - these are bright signs of premature death of the child.

After a dead pregnancy, both spouses need to be examined to determine the causes of fetal death and its elimination. During the prescribed treatment should be protected. After 6 months, during which the woman's body rests, it is possible to plan the next pregnancy. The main thing, do not forget to get rid of bad habits. The organism can be rehabilitated by proper nutrition and way of life.

Symptoms of pregnancy

It is necessary only to complain to a friend or husband that you are horrible how you want herring or pickled cucumbers, as soon as the rhetorical question follows the tone of the gynecologist: "Why did it suddenly pull you to the salt? And for a long time you have it? "And here, in the kitchen, while you still do not have time to cope with the coveted cucumber, you will expose and confirm the diagnosis:" You are pregnant. "

Eh, if everything was so simple and understandable with this pregnancy and its diagnostics, then what is easier: a can of pickles and fatty herring instead of any examinations of a gynecologist, immodest questions, complex tests and tests - and the diagnosis is ready. .. However, suchthe way to determine pregnancy is not always possible.

In fact, not always a change in taste and eating habits is a sign of pregnancy. How many future mothers did not feel anything like this, waiting for their first child or bearing a younger one. .. "Of course," some will say, "it's not necessary, the main thing in this business is the delay of the monthly!".But even this most notorious delay in menstruation can not completely determine pregnancy in the early period!

Let's try to figure out what are the symptoms of pregnancy and how true each of them indicates that this or that woman is waiting for a child. ..

So, can pregnancy be determined in the very first days after conception, before the delay of menstruation?

All the signs of pregnancy are conventionally divided into three small groups of medicine, depending on how accurately they indicate the birth of a new life within a woman.

1. Doubtful( or suspected) symptoms:

This category includes those symptoms that can only suggest the possibility of pregnancy in this case. And some women who are expecting a child, they are very pronounced and appear almost from the first weeks of pregnancy. In others, not only pregnancy in the early periods, but the entire period of bearing a child is not characterized by any of the listed characteristics. They include:

• Nausea. Most often occurs in the morning and lasts for several hours. Sometimes vomiting is added - also in the morning on an empty stomach or after eating. In some cases, when nausea and vomiting are particularly pronounced, some changes in diet and diet, and sometimes medical care, may be required. There may also be gastrointestinal disorders that begin at 4-6 weeks of pregnancy and end at 8-12 weeks.

• Change in taste, smell, eating habits, etc. It is here that the legendary "craving for the salty" must be attributed. .. Sometimes it happens that before pregnancy a woman simply did not like this or that product or dish, and during this period it becomes one of the most desired in its diet. On other pregnant women, from the first weeks, a whole gamut of new fragrances, which they simply did not notice before pregnancy, literally collapses. Moreover, each future mother has her own special sensations, not characteristic and not at all obligatory for everyone else. ..

• Emotional lability. Pregnancy in the early periods is sometimes accompanied by a frequent change of mood, which can repeatedly occur for even one day. The future mother becomes very sensitive to the words and actions of others, reacting to the situation completely different than before pregnancy, the way. A woman who had previously barely noticed a neighbor's child, now can long and with tenderness observe his pranks. She can cry and suffer because of unrequited love for Don Maria, along with Don Pedro in the 546 series of the series, 545 of the previous series which has never been seen in my life. ..

This is not all the dubious signs of pregnancy. But we will not dwell on them too much, since they are only "auxiliary" in the diagnosis, their presence only suggests the fact of pregnancy. Since not always the same nausea indicates pregnancy and not every pregnancy, as you understand, is accompanied by nausea. ..

1. Probable signs:

These symptoms are more likely than doubtful to indicate pregnancy. Their expression in each pregnant woman is different. But still they can occur and with other various diseases and conditions outside of pregnancy.

• Termination of menstruation( "delay").The absence of regular menstruation in women of childbearing period( 18-45 years) gives grounds to assume the onset of pregnancy. Delayed menstruation for 10 days can be considered as a relatively reliable sign of pregnancy, provided a regular earlier menstrual cycle.

• Changes in the mammary glands, which most often begin at a period of 8-12 weeks. It is during pregnancy and lactation that the mammary glands reach their maximum development. They increase in size, become more sensitive( engorgement of the mammary glands), pigmentation( coloring) of nipples and nipple circles intensifies. Over time, even during pregnancy, a light discharge from the nipples may appear.

• Pigmentation( darkening) of the midline of the abdomen, large labia, inner thighs, and sometimes frontal tubercles, superciliary arches, chin and cheekbones.

• Upset. Most often this is a rapid urination, which appears already in the early stages. This is because the growing uterus exerts pressure on its "neighbor" - on the bladder. In later terms, the uterus changes its position somewhat, and this not very pleasant sign is eliminated, appearing again at the very end of pregnancy. Now the fetal head begins to exert pressure on the bladder, causing an increase in urination.

• Increased uterine size. At first inconspicuous even to the woman herself, and then - an obvious fact for everyone around. Each pregnancy corresponds to a certain size of the uterus.

• Increased body temperature. High temperature can accompany pregnancy, because during this period there is a change in the hormonal background of a woman and metabolic processes are accelerated. During pregnancy, due to the development of progesterone, the overall body temperature rises. High temperature affects pregnancy: it is poorly tolerated by the mother and potentially dangerous for the child. The increased temperature accompanying the mother's pregnancy causes an increase in the temperature of the child and the surrounding fluid. All this can damage tissues and cause defects in the central nervous system of the fetus. During carrying out the fetus, the warm clothes, the cool atmosphere of the house, the use of a large amount of liquid and food help to prevent heat. Painkillers and antipyretic agents, especially aspirin, should be taken only after consulting with a doctor. Measurement of basal temperature is an informative way to determine pregnancy.

• Positive laboratory tests and pregnancy tests.

As you understand, all these signs still do not always indicate pregnancy. Even laboratory tests and various tests that only indicate the presence of certain hormones in a woman's body in one or another concentration may occur in some "female" diseases.

Delay in menstruation, changes in mammary glands, increased pigmentation and even changes in the size and shape of the uterus can be symptoms of various gynecological diseases, endocrine pathology;frequent urination - with hypothermia and inflammation of the bladder. But on the other hand, pregnancy without the presence of probable signs is almost casuistic( this is the difference from doubtful ones).For example, it's hard to imagine a child bearing without an increase in the uterus in which it grows. ..

1. Reliable pregnancy symptoms:

Here we have reached the smallest but most accurate group of signs that in 100% of cases indicate that a woman is growing inside anda new life is developing.

• Recording the work of the heart of a developing fetus. This can be done in various ways. In the early stages - with the help of ultrasound examination of the uterus( ultrasound);on later - listening to the heart of an unborn child with a stethoscope( a "wooden tube"), attached to the mother's abdomen. For this, other methods were invented: ECG of the fetus, phonocardiography and cardiotachography.

• Determination of the head, back, arms, legs and fetuses of the fetus, which is carried out by the gynecologist with the help of their hands through the anterior abdominal wall of the pregnant woman. Simply put, it simply "gropes" the baby, laying both her hands on her mother's tummy.

• Determination of fetal movements through the anterior abdominal wall of the mother, which is also performed by the doctor during the examination. Of course, the definition of these signs, especially the last two, becomes possible only in late pregnancy, but in this case hardly anyone will be able to doubt the fact of pregnancy.

In other words, an accurate diagnosis of pregnancy can be put quite early. Already in the period of 4-5 weeks, as a rule, during the ultrasound examination of the uterus, the work of a small heart is clearly visible. At later times, it is enough to inspect and listen to the heart of the fetus to establish the fact of pregnancy.

The same signs are observed, of course, in young mothers of 15-17 years. Unfortunately, the early pregnancy of girls, who are not yet ready physically or psychologically for the birth of a child, leads to severe complications during childbirth. Despite the emergence each year of new progressive methods of treatment, a girl's pregnancy can end with the death of a newborn. Borns are of low weight and die 2 times more often than children of more adult mothers. In developing countries, adolescent pregnancy and childbirth is one of the causes of death of young girls. An early pregnancy in girls aged 13-16 years is associated with a high risk for health, because at an early age the incidence rate is 2.5 times higher than that of older women. Pregnancy of teenagers is most often characterized by placental insufficiency, the threat of termination of pregnancy, toxicosis and anemia. As a result of an early pregnancy, the structure of the bones can be disturbed. The body of a young mother, like a child, still uses calcium to grow bones. Most often, an early pregnancy is a tragedy for both the young mother and her parents. It is best to avoid pregnancy at an early age. According to statistics, 100 teenage pregnancies more than half result in abortions, which are often one of the causes of infertility.

Pregnancy test at home

To make sure that you are pregnant, get a pregnancy test. To use it, use the first morning urine. Carefully read the test instructions in order to perform it correctly. Tests offered in pharmacies are easy to do if you strictly follow the instructions. In very rare cases, the test gives an erroneous result.

In any case, neither the above symptoms, nor the test results can give you a one hundred percent guarantee that you are pregnant. Symptoms can be caused by a chronic illness or daily stress.

If the menstrual cycle is delayed for three weeks, consult a doctor. Only in this way will you be able to make sure that you are pregnant and get all the necessary recommendations and instructions so that pregnancy can take place without complications and in order to give birth to a healthy and beautiful child.

Consult a doctor as soon as possible. It is very important that the first visit to the doctor occurred in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy.

First visit to the doctor

During the first visit to the doctor's office, he, depending on the expected period of pregnancy, will hold either a test to confirm the pregnancy, or a gynecological examination.

In addition to this, the doctor will assess your state of health, the features of your diet and, possibly, the working conditions, etc.

During this visit you will receive a "Perinatal Medical Card" in which the development of your pregnancy will be registered, there you will find additional information about pregnancy and childbirth.

Also, the doctor will assign you further tests. Here are some of them: blood type and Rh, blood hemoglobin level, urinalysis, serological tests for syphilis, HIV testing, All compulsory tests are free, and the passage of some of them will have to be repeated throughout pregnancy.

Set the schedule of your visits to the medical room with your doctor.

Ask for a doctor's phone number. Write also the address of the medical institution to know where to go if necessary.

Feel free to ask questions - the doctor exists to respond to them.

Congratulations, you are pregnant!

The doctor confirmed that you are pregnant. Now, be very careful that your lifestyle does not adversely affect the development of the child. It is very important to follow the advice of a doctor at the earliest stages of pregnancy.

Recommendations for pregnant women remain the same as in the pre-conception period. We know that you dream of having an absolutely healthy child and think about his future. To do this, we advise you to stop smoking, drugs, drugs, alcohol, which are a huge danger for the child: they provoke spontaneous abortion, congenital malformations, death of the newborn.

Do not take medicine or do radiography without your doctor's permission.