Varieties of Actinidia
The most famous in our country were Pineapple Michurina, Large-fruited, Clara Zetkin, Apricot, Marmalade Sweets and .
Care: after landing, the aerial part is shortened to a height of 5 cm, leaving 2-3 well-developed buds on each shoot. Later, small loosening, weed removal and
mulching are necessary. Over the summer several times you need to pour fresh soil to the root neck to prevent exposure of the roots. And of course, watering if necessary. Fertilizers for actinidia are best applied for autumn soil cultivation( in October) - 8-10 kg / m2 manure or compost, 30-50 g / m2 superphosphate and 15-20 g / m2 potassium chloride or potassium salt.
Actinidium is best grown on trellises 2-2.5 m high. To do this, you can use reinforced concrete or wooden impregnated poles at the base or asbestos cement and rejected metal pipes with a diameter of 5-8 cm. They are dug into the soil to a depth of 70 cm at a distance of 4-5 m from each other. Between the poles, an aluminum or metal wire with a cross section of 3-5 mm in a 3- row is pulled( lower wire at a height of 50-60 cm from the soil level).Planted plants leave no more than 2 short shoots with 2-4 buds on each. As the shoots grow, one of the strongest is left. It is tied vertically, and the rest is removed.
Actinidia is less susceptible to pests and diseases, so no special measures for the protection of plants are envisaged. Insufficiently hardy actinidia species require shelter for the winter. After the fall of the fall, all the branches are removed from the wire and covered with insulating material( film, fallen leaves, beveled weeds) for winter, and snow on top. In the spring, wintering shoots are tied to the wire of the trellis, evenly placing them along its entire area. Actinidia reproduces well by cuttings, which need to be harvested in June, cutting 2-3 cm above the node, and rooting in light nutrient soil.
Pruning: Actinidia is a perennial woody vine with very decorative foliage, therefore it can be grown in the form of trellises at the walls of houses, like the design of the entrance to the site, for gardening of pergolas and pergolas. The branches of the second order of branching, leaving from the vines-sleeves, are abundantly fertile. To cause the emergence of a sufficient number of fruit-bearing shoots of the second order, one can pinch the top of the vine. It is necessary to leave the optimal number of fertile branches, which would bring a good harvest and do not cause thickening of the plant. Extra branches need to be cut at the base, short and weak to remove, and too long to shorten at a minimum distance of 50 cm from the base, which causes branching.
Pruning of the actinidia plant
1 .Long fruiting branches of the second order of branching should be shortened at a distance of not less than 50 cm from the base of the branch. With this shortening, a part of the branch with vegetative shoots located on it is removed, and the fruiting part will remain. This type of pruning is best done in autumn after harvesting.
2. In order to improve fruit illumination in June, it is possible to shorten the elongated parts of branches to 5-b leaves behind the fruit.
3. During autumn sanitary trimming, remove dried, broken, sagging parts of branches to good wood
. The main vines must be replaced every 3-4 years, as they quickly grow old and become unproductive. To replace the main vine, choose a strong branch at the base of the shoulder, cut off the shoulder after the branch, bend the branch and tie it in place of the removed shoulder. Damaged or frozen basic whips must be replaced without waiting for them to age.
Actinidia is rapidly growing, forming a lot of shoots, so sanitary trim is very important, during which remove dried, broken, weak and thickening shoots.
The best time for cropping is autumn. Usually pruning is performed in late September - early October after harvesting. Early in the spring, it is impossible to trim the actinidia plants, this causes a strong flow of juice, the so-called "crying plant".If necessary, it is better to postpone pruning until June, when the active juice movement stops.
Harvesting: fruit ripens in the third decade of August - the first ten days of September. In Actinidia, the arguments, polygamas, derived from them forms and varieties of mature berries firmly hold on branches, not crumbling.
In actinidia, the colomictic and derivative varieties of it ripen non-simultaneously, and the mature berries are crumbled. Therefore, they are collected in 1-3 doses in 3-10 days after the appearance of the first mature fruit.
Usage: Actinidia fruits are consumed fresh, used to make lavender, jam, jam, candy filling,
pies and other confectionery products, natural juices and wines, sweet and spicy marinades. Due to the optimal combination of vitamin C and P-active substances, the products of actinidia treatment retain their valuable properties. Very tasty dried fruit, dried in the oven at a temperature of 50-60 ° C.They become sweeter, have a pleasant aroma and resemble kishmish in their properties.
The therapeutic properties of the fruit of actinidia are due to the complex effect on the human body of vitamins, which are in them in favorable combinations. However, there is reason to believe that the therapeutic and prophylactic properties of Actinidia berries are not sufficiently identified. It is noted that the use of tincture from the fruits of actinidia facilitates the state of patients with angina pectoris. Glycosides of cardiac action are found in the cortex of shoots of actinidia. In addition, there is evidence that the fruits of actinidia have a laxative property.