Typical diseases of pome fruits
If the whole apple core is pure brown, then it can be fusarious rot or just a lack of microelements in the soil( a frequent occurrence on poor soils, in particular, in the Northwest).If micronutrients are deficient, spray the apples with either Aquadon Micro or Uniflor Micro. Do this at the time of formation of the ovaries. The fruits with a lack of trace elements are quite edible.
If it is rot, then the fruits are inedible, they have a bitter taste. The disease is most often manifested when stored.
Sometimes an apple starts to rot in a tree. This is fruit( bitter) rot. Usually in the future on the fruit appear concentric folds, strewn with white pycnidia with spores of fungi. In this case, it would be nice to spray the tree with Zircon or Novosil( Silk) in order to prevent fruit rot from turning to healthy fruits. In general, many rot, all of them are fungal diseases. Most of them appear during storage. Choose to store whole fruits, which are collected without bruises. It's a good idea to sprinkle the fruit before laying it down with Fitosporin, then dry it and then put it in boxes, sandwich it with dry straw or wrap every apple in a piece of newspaper.
If the fruits acquire a metallic glow, then this is also a fungal disease - a milky gloss. The fruit begins to develop directly on the trees, usually after a harsh winter, when the wood is frozen. As soon as such leaves are noticed, sprinkle immediately with "Zircon", increasing the dose to 4-5 drops per 1 l, so that the disease does not spread and does not transfer to other fruits, since they will not be stored. Wood, then urgently feed "Extra-saline", "Uniflor-bud," "Soluble" or other high-speed drugs. In general, after a severe winter, fruit trees, and all plants in the garden, should be given more attention.
Why does the apple pulp sometimes have a "glass" look? The vitreousness of the fruit appears either when the fruits froze directly in the trees with small early frost frosts( usually with late varieties that did not have time to ripen) or during prolonged rainy weather before harvest( due to too much water in the apple juice).It usually appears during storage. These apples are stored poorly, the taste of fruit falls.
If apples and pears are covered with black spots( and even cracks), then it's scab. First it appears on the leaves in the form of black spots, then goes to the fruit. The best and harmless means is the regular spraying of such an apple or pear with the "Healthy Garden" preparation. You can use and "Zircon" or "Obereg"( there is also such a drug, which also refers to biologics of a new generation).
Now in print a lot is written about apple trees with innate immunity against scab. This is a bad fungal disease, in which the fruits lose their marketable appearance due to black growths and cracks. Therefore, apple trees, deduced by E. Sedov at the Orel fruit and berry experimental station, deserve attention. But the Eagle is not Peter. These apple trees do not live with us, but survive: our climate is unfit for them. So do not peck at advertising. True there is among them an interesting variety for the North-West Oryol garland. For zones with a continental climate, Orel apple trees are what they need.
Can Nitrafen be used against a scab on an apple or pear tree? No. This is a very strong poison, it is allowed to use at a distance of 200-400 m from the shelter, so it is prohibited for use in garden areas. And no talk that it is used in the early spring, when there are no useful insects, do not make its use safe, because with the spring waters "Nitrafen" will get into wells and ponds.
Other problems
If the apple tree bent in one direction or completely fell, its roots were eaten by a water rat( similar to muskrat, but smaller).The rat does not know how to dig the ground and runs along the moleholes. Therefore, if a mole lives on the site, then a rat will necessarily appear. Mole - a predator, he does not feed on roots, but only larvae of insects and earthworms. Roots he can cut off when he makes his galleries. But the rat is an animal herbivorous, it eats root crops, tubers, plant roots. Getting rid of it is not easy. You can throw the bait-poison "Ratifenkro" or "Krotoboy" into the moles. But I will immediately say that this is ineffective. The rat might have eaten the bait, but the mole throws it out of its moves to the surface. It is possible to put, however, as well as on a mole, traps, but the easiest way is to sow from the site along the ditches the black patch( not to be confused with the black root).His seeds at any time of the year will cling to the pelts of animals. This causes them nervous stress, since they can not clean out the seeds themselves, and the felted wool gets wet in the water, which leads to the death of the animals.
What if the trunk of an apple or pear fell into two parts?
Reconnect both parts of the barrel and combine them with metal clips. Then cover the slit with a mixture of clay and mullein, or pour the garden varnish and tie it with canvas. A year later canvas can be removed.
Are the birds useful in the garden?
It depends on what. Insectivorous birds are also our faithful helpers. Very useful sini. Less known, but also useful flycatcher, zaryanka, azure, redstart, wagtail, moscow, nuthatch, woodpecker, jackdaw. But the starlings and the forty I would not let in the garden, because they cause great damage to the berries.
Sinichek is easy to draw into the garden if you tie unsalted fat to tree trunks, hang out the cows, feed birds, especially in winter, with non-fried sunflower seeds, and most importantly - do not use pesticides. It is noted that after the application of "Nitrafen" birds in the garden will not be 5-6 years old. After the application of "Intavir" the birds leave the garden immediately.