Cherry varieties

With black and dark red fruits -

Dyber black, Dneplovka, Zhabule, Napoleon black, Gauche, Apralanka, Gedel'finger, Black eagle, Melitopol black. Victory - the fruits are large, dulcate-shaped, the skin is dark red, glossy, the flesh is dark red, juicy, dense, sweet with light acidity. The stone is small, well separated from the pulp.

Valery Chkalov - the fruits are large, heart-shaped, the skin is dark wine-red, shiny. The flesh is dark red, juicy, dense, sweet with a fine refreshing acid. The stone is medium, easily separated from the pulp. With yellow and cream fruits -Yellow horn, Willow heart, Gold, Exhibition, Amber, Kuban Beauty.

With white fruits - Simferopol white, Napoleon white , etc.

Beauty - fruits are large heart-shaped, the main color of berries is light yellow, cover color is blush. Pulp of medium density, juicy, sweet with light fresh sourness. Bone small, well separated. Festival - the fruits are medium heart-shaped, the main color of the skin is creamy, the covering color is bright pink. The pulp is creamy, tender, juicy, sweet with barely perceptible acid. Bone small, easily separated.

Pruning: cherry trees have a powerful trunk, a strong skeleton with strong skeletal branches with a clearly pronounced longitudial placement on the stem, especially first and second order branches, which in most varieties depart at an angle of 40-50 °.The shape of the crown may be different: pyramidal, broadly spherical, spherical. The cherries are mainly formed sparse-tiered and cup-like crowns, like cherry. The sparse-longline crown is created on varieties with good branching and is formed from 5-6 basic skeletal branches. In the first tier, 3 branches of the first order are left, 2 of which can be placed contiguously, and the third must be higher than the first two by 15-20 cm. In the second tier, 2 branches are left. The second tier is placed at a distance of at least 70 cm from the lower first tier. Over 2 branches of the second tier form a single branch at a distance of 30 cm from them. The central conductor in this case is cut out one year after the formation of the last single branch. It is important to pay special attention to the corners of branch branches when forming cherry crowns, because the wood is quite fragile and

, when a branch breaks, a deep wound forms along the entire length of the stem to the soil, which often leads to disease and even tree death. The most desirable branch angle is 45-50 °.The verticillate arrangement of the branches is not allowed. Half-skeletal branches of the crown form two on the branches of the lower tier. They should be placed at a distance of not less than 50 cm from the stem and from each other. Half-skeletal branches are best formed from branches that have an oblique position, or to give them such a position as a garter. When forming the cup-shaped crown, 4-5 skeletal branches are placed above the stem. Cherries, like cherries, are prone to active growth in the first 5 years and form long annual increments that need to be shortened, leaving no more than 40-50 cm of their length. On high-branching young trees, summer pruning is used, which helps to accelerate the formation of the crown and increase yield. This is due to the fact that on long branches flower buds form in the middle part of the branch, and after summer pruning their number increases, and the saturation with bouquet branches grows. To form semi-skeletal branches, pruning is carried out as soon as shoots reach a length of 70 cm, they are shortened by 20 cm, taking into account the subordination of shoots. Shoots that are not used to form the core of the crown, shorten!up to a length of 20-30 cm. Crowns of cherries also need to be shortened in height to 4-5 m by cutting skeletal branches over the outer branch.

Wounds after trimming need to be treated to cover with garden fume, since the cherry has an abundant gum.

Harvesting: cherries are harvested only when the fruit is fully ripened( this, of course, depends on the maturity of the cultivated variety).A soft heart-shaped cherry is removed when it is not yet fully ripe.

Usage: cherries are the best summer treat, they are consumed mostly fresh, but also canned and cooked compotes. In addition, the fruit does not have a number of medicinal properties. Cherry fruits contain biologically active substances such as coumarins, oxicuramines, which help reduce blood clotting, prevent the formation of thrombi, and amygdalin, which helps in the absence of pain, stomach pain and other diseases. The fatty oil contained in the bones of

can have technical application, and essential oil is used in perfumery and liqueur production.

Plum

General information: plum was produced as a result of natural hybridization of plum and thistle in the Caucasus. In the same place it was introduced in the culture from ancient times. In Central Asia and Europe, where the cultural plum has spread, it has been cultivated for more than 2000 years. Plum lives more than 50 years. It is pre-ash early, already in 5-7 years, gives a full-fledged harvest and abundantly fructifies up to 20-30 years. By origin and properties of fruits, the plum is divided into groups, which are sometimes considered independent botanical species: egg, Hungarian, renklade, mirabelle and thistle.

Thrust is a small tree, less commonly a bush, with dark blue fruits. It does not have great variability, it is characterized by endurance, undemanding to care and fertility.

In culture, there is a form of damascene with small round or oval fruits in black, blue, yellow or white. The form called Mirabel has golden yellow rounded fruit, sweet to taste. The prized plum is the plum. It grows in the form of a spiny tree 8 m high and larger. Fruits are roundish, varied in color( from light yellow to dark red).

Requirements: draining is a fairly thermophilic crop, frosty winters, when the air temperature falls below -30 ° C, causing considerable damage to the plum trees, and also very demanding for the conditions of litany. The level of groundwater in the selected section should not be more than 1.5 m. 3 Otherwise, it is desirable to raise the soil by 40-50 cm or to land on a hillock. When developing a new site, the soil is dug with preliminary application of lime to the land at the rate of 400-500 g / m2.1liva grows well on a light nutrient-lye with sufficient lime content, poorly-on pure heavy clay. On one - a part it is necessary to plant at least 3 varieties, livestock, then cross-pollination and high yield will be provided. The planting of plums should be done in spring.

Ingredients: plum fruits are rich in sugars, vitamins C, Bx( thiamine), B2( riboflavin), Vs & gt;

( folic acid), E( tocopherol), P( flavo-nil glycosides), PP( nicotinic acid), organic acids( malic and citric), potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, iron, manganese, cobalt and otherssubstances.

Root rootstocks:

Seedlings of varieties Moscow, Evraziya-21, Nikolskaya yellow, Red-breasted Reds, Collective farm redcold.

Clone rootstocks of varieties Eurasia-21, Red-breasted Red.

Dwarf rootstocks: ВВА-1, seedlings of felt cherry.