Normal bile contains no cellular elements;sometimes there is an insignificant amount of crystals of cholesterol and calcium bilirubinate. Slime in the form of small patches indicates catar...

Quantity. Normally, healthy men have 2-6 ml of ejaculate. Polyspermia - an increase in the volume of seminal fluid more than 6 ml. Polyspermy is taken into account only in combination with the...

Reference values ​​of the concentration of total protein in serum are 65-85 g / l. The concentration of total protein in the serum depends mainly on the synthesis and decomposition of the ...

Haptoglobin ( Hp) is a blood plasma glycoprotein that specifically binds Hb. There are three hereditary phenotypes of haptoglobin: Hp 1-1, 2-1, 2-2.The first form is a monomer with a molecul...

Urea is the end product of protein metabolism in the body. It is removed from the body by glomerular filtration, 40-50% of it is reabsorbed by the tubular epithelium of the kidneys and is acti...

The test of Reberg-Tareev allows to judge the glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption in the kidneys. The test is based on the fact that creatinine is filtered only by glomerulus, is not p...

Uric acid is a product of the exchange of purine bases, which are part of complex proteins - nucleoproteins. Formed uric acid is secreted by the kidneys. Uric acid in the extracellular fluid, inc...

Oral glucose tolerance test ( PTTG) is required for patients with fasting blood glucose levels from 6.1 to 7 mmol / L, as well as for people with identified risk factors for developing diabet...

Reference values ​​of lipoprotein( a) [LP( a)] in blood serum - 0-30 mg / dl. LP( a) consists of apo( a), which is inherently a glycoprotein and covalently bound to apo-B100.LP( a) has a signi...

Diseases of the thyroid gland occupy the second place among endocrine diseases after diabetes mellitus by prevalence. They develop as a result of violations of the regulation of thyroid functi...

Reference values ​​of the concentration of total protein S in blood plasma - 60-140%, free - 65-144%. Protein S is a vitamin K-dependent plasma glycoprotein. It circulates in the blood in t...

Cytological examination of a vaginal smear is performed to evaluate the function of the ovaries. Depending on the ratio of cells of different layers of the epithelium, 4 types of cellular reactio...

The inclusion and deactivation of sexual function are the most important stages, reflecting the essential points of the development program and the onset of aging. The reproductive system of m...

For ultrasound, as a rule, there is no need for special preparatory measures for patients. At the same time, when examining the organs of the gastrointestinal tract( mainly in the study of the...

Hypercalcemia is almost always the result of increased calcium intake into the blood from resorbed bone tissue or from food in conditions of a decrease in its kidney clearance. More than 90% o...

For the diagnosis of syphilis , the most widely used serological methods allow detecting immune disorders( the emergence of antisyphilitic antibodies) in the patient's body in response to th...

Color. Normally gastric juice is yellowish white. The admixture of blood gives the gastric juice various shades of red: with fresh bleeding - scarlet, if the blood was in the stomach for a lon...

Histamine is one of the strongest stimulators of gastric secretion, causing sub-maximal and maximum histamine secretion, depending on the dose. A direct relationship between the mass of functi...