Chemeritsa lobelia
High herbaceous perennial plant from the family of lily trees up to 2 m high. Stem is thick and straight. Leaves are regular, elliptical, one-piece and naked. Flowers are greenish, unattractive, form a long inflorescence on the top of the plant - a panicle. Blooms in June-August.
In all parts of the Chegorye there are poisonous alkaloids. The greatest toxicity of the chamois is manifested in the early spring, at the moment of stalk and leaf growth.
Chemerich, growing in pastures, is dangerous for cattle, which often have poisonings when eating young and juicy greens of this plant.
Chemeritsa irritates the mucous membranes of the nose, mouth and throat, causing severe sneezing. When poisoning is observed burning in the mouth, salivation, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, respiratory depression.
Chemeritsa is found in Dagestan, Ukraine( in the Carpathians), in the central Caucasus, in the Krasnodar Territory and in the southern Caucasus. It grows on moist meadows and shrub thickets in river floodplains, on marshes.
Medicinal raw materials are rhizomes with or without roots. The rhizomes excavated in autumn or( better) in the spring are cleaned from the ground and washed in running water, cut into pieces and dried in a well-ventilated area separately from non-poisonous plants. Shelf life 3 years.
There are also other kinds of chegery, for example the black cheater is similar to the chesteress white and differs from her only in black and red flowers. In the people, the black hat is used for the same purpose as the white chamois. Chemerichna white is harvested on a par with the hobgoblin of Lobel.
All parts of the plant contain highly poisonous alkaloids( proto-retaratrina, protorverin, irmin, pervin, irimerin), glycoalkaloids( pseudopervin, isorubiervin).
The amount of alkaloids of the helium in the form of salts has recently begun to enter into medical practice as a means of reducing blood pressure in the treatment of patients with essential hypertension.
Chloride powder when applied to the skin or mucous membranes has an irritant effect, which is replaced by an anesthetic.
On the central nervous system, as well as on the endings of somatic and autonomic nerves, the alkaloids of the chieftain have an exciting effect, which quickly gives way to functional exhaustion.
The effect on the heart muscle is manifested in a significant increase in systole and diastole lengthening, which can lead to cardiac arrest in case of poisoning.
Chloride alkaloids contribute to the contractility and retardation of relaxation of the striated muscle. In recent years, data have been obtained on the beneficial effect of protovertrin in hypertensive disease.
Acting beginnings chegoritsy are poisonous and belong to the list B, so the collection, processing and storage of raw materials and preparations require caution.
When collecting and processing raw materials it is recommended to use moistened masks, there should be good ventilation, etc. Powder from the root causes a sharp irritation of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and eyes.
In folk medicine, alcoholic or vodka infusions are used from cheveri, water broths and ointments as an analgesic for inflammatory diseases of the joints, rheumatism, neuralgia and myalgia, and as a radical remedy for lice. The broth is used to wash the head with dandruff, to grow hair and lubricate the joints with rheumatism, drink an extract or tincture with pain in the abdomen.
In Dagestan, powdered rhizomes with honey are used in the treatment of malaria.
Application of
Home tincture( not alcohol): 1 part of crushed root with 120 parts of vodka, insist for 2 weeks.
Ointment: 1 part of tincture or condensed broth for 4 parts of Vaseline.
The picture of poisoning by a chester: due to irritation of mucous upper airways - salivation, sneezing, burning in the mouth, scratching in the pharynx and esophagus;then join dyspeptic disorders( vomiting,
diarrhea), accompanied by intestinal colic and tenesmi. Breathing and pulse slow down, there are severe headaches, pale skin and a visual impairment. There may come the rehydration of skeletal muscles, followed by convulsions of a clonic-tonic character, then parasthesias join and a koll-laptoid state develops.
First aid: washing the stomach with a solution of tannin, a suspension of activated carbon or white clay in water. Then, salt laxatives are prescribed. In the end - morphine, caffeine, camphor. If necessary, carry out artificial respiration. When lesions of mucous membranes - irrigation with 2% solution of novocaine. Chemeritsa white should be distinguished from chegorichitsa black, or hellebore, which contains cardiac glycosides.
Use medication carefully: when ingested, more than 1 g of chegery come strong excitement, salivation, sweating, vomiting, diarrhea and sometimes death.