The existing malformations of the kidneys: their classification and basic types

Renal malformations are very numerous. By their clinical nature, they are classified into several main groups:

• Pathology of the number and size of the organ, its volume.
• Pathology of the location and orientation of the organ.
• Pathology of the form.
• Pathology of the structure of the renal tissue.
• Cup-medullary pathology.
• Pathology of the formation of its vessels.

Pathology of lack of a kidney

The absence of an organ due to its non-bookmarking can occur quite often - approximately one per thousand newborns. The absence of both kidneys is rare and often causes the death of a child. Such children can be born already dead. Usually, this pathology is combined with the absence of a bladder, a violation of the formation of the organs of the reproductive system, often these children are formed brain hernias.

This is important! Without the use of additional methods of investigation, it will not be possible to establish the development of this pathology. The doctor should think about the abnormality of the structure of the kidneys already when violations are found in these organs. The exact diagnosis can be established after the implementation of ultrasound and excretory urography.

Pathology of kidney and ureter doubling

This anomaly occurs most often, with girls appearing twice as often as boys. One or two can be doubled. The ureters that depart from the doubled organ are usually close to each other, they can flow into the bladder through one opening.

At times, only one ureter leaves from the doubled kidney - this incomplete bifurcation. Thus, the ureter is considered inferior - this causes the risk of a reverse urine cast into the kidney from the bladder. It turns out that together with the urine there enter the pathogens of diseases and the development of the inflammatory process begins.

The pathology itself can not be manifested. In general, the first symptom is the emergence of symptoms of infection. In this regard, any kidney infection in a young child necessarily involves the organization of a comprehensive survey. Sometimes a child develops normally and subsequently lives fully and with a double kidney, which does not cause pain. Diagnosis is completely random during the ultrasound.

This is important! In addition to the reverse transfer of urine into the kidney, an incorrect structure of the organ can provoke a narrowing of the ureter and a violation of the normal retention of urine, which also leads to the formation of pathological conditions.

The final diagnosis is made when organizing excretory urography or ultrasound of the kidneys.

The therapeutic process is to treat a developing infectious disease. Operative intervention for children is carried out in the following situations:

• Complete stoppage of the functioning of a specific part of the organ.
• Rejection of urine into one or both kidneys.
• Complication, manifested cyst formation in the ureter.
• Unexpected impairment of urinary function in the ureter.

Pathology of abnormal localization

This anomaly is also often diagnosed in children and mainly affects boys. Incorrect localization with respect to the whole body is characterized by turning outward with its inner edge. Instead of several large vessels in the kidney is a lot of small branched, while the blood filling of the body is noticeably worse. In this regard, working capacity in it is greatly reduced. Also, the shape of the organ is disturbed. It differs from the bean-shaped form and, as a rule, includes many lobules.

In violation of the location, high and low buds are classified. To high pathology are organs located in the thoracic region, but this pathology is rarely found in newborns. In this case, the content of the peritoneal region is shifted to the thoracic cavity. The ureter emerging from the pathological kidney is markedly longer in length than in the norm. Low is characterized by some displacement of the position of the kidney down.

Horseshoe kidney pathology

This disease is considered the most common manifestation of a large group of pathologies, which includes a variety of fusion of two kidneys with each other.

Among the known forms of organ fusion, symmetrical and asymmetric fusion are classified. Horseshoe fusion refers to the symmetrical. Thus, the kidneys unite with each other at the lower or upper ends and resemble the horseshoe in appearance. This doubling is localized slightly lower than the norm and blood flow is disturbed.

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