Demodicosis: photos, symptoms and treatment in humans

Even the most insignificant skin pathologies in the form of acne, pustular formations, and other unpleasant manifestations, causes concern in men losing their respectable appearance, and, for the most part, in women, as a cosmetic defect.

This aspect of concern, and even leads some impressionable individuals to a nervous breakdown.95% of such manifestations are caused by a disease - demodecosis.

The disease is chronic, it can not be completely cured, but with the right attitude towards it, you can achieve a stable and long-term remission.

Reasons for demodectic

The causative agents of the disease in humans are representatives of the Demodiocidae family - Demodex mites. The mite was discovered in 1841 by the German pathologist and physiologist Friedrich Henle and the medic Berger in purulent acne formations and in the secretion of the auricles.

A detailed description of elongated, vermiform tick-borne parasites was made in the middle of the eighteenth century by the scientist Simon. And gave them the name - follicular long ticks.1963 was marked by the discovery by the Soviet dermatologist L.Kh. Akbulatova short tick-parasite, which lives in the secretion of sebaceous glands - Demodex brevis Akbulatova.

Both types of demodex peacefully coexist on the skin, and a person is the carrier of two types of parasite at once. The main site of localization of ticks are the facial areas of the skin:

• facial nasolabial folds;
  
• in the outer edge of the century;
  
• in the secretion of the sebaceous glands of the chin;
  
• in the auricles.

The follicular mite inhabits the cavities of the hair follicles - the follicle, of the order of twenty-five individuals in one cavity. The ecological niche of the short mite of the domicile is the sebaceous gland, the gland in the cartilaginous tissue of the eyelid and their ducts. They leave their niche-shelter only during the period of mating. The cyclical development of demodex is two weeks. When the ducts and follicles-sacs are closed, active reproduction occurs inside the shelter, causing on the skin inflammatory processes with the formation of acne.

In the beginning, the egg laying process takes place, then the larva appears, the next transformation, the nymphal stage - protonimph( the first phase of development) and deitonimpha( the second phase), and then - the adult, adult mite. The breeding activity depends on seasonality.

In summer, females, males and young generation parasitize, and in winter only a small number of females are observed. Demodex eaten with sebum, penetrate into the nutrient medium of the body, releasing viscous saliva. The enzymatic and allergic action of the salivary secretion causes allergic reactions, manifested by blepharitis( inflammation of the eyelids) and blepharoconjunctivitis.

Clinical manifestations

In accordance with clinical signs, five forms of manifestation of demodicosis are distinguished:

1. 1) Erythematous-squamous form of lesion - gradual inflammation of affected areas with demodic skin. Appearance of small eruptions in the form of papules. Alternation of inflamed skin with areas of peeling.
   
2. 2) Papular lesions - the formation of papules, inflamed, intensely red. Based on such manifestations often diagnosed with various dermatitis - seborrheic and perioral type, or photodermatitis and sarcoidosis.
   
3. 3) The granulomatous form of the lesion is manifested by hard papules of yellow, brown or red color. Instead of papules, there may be more serious nodular formation leading to scar formation. The usual location is the cheeks and nearby areas of the skin.
   
4. 4) Pestulous manifestations - reminiscent of a disease with predominance of pustular rash( purulent vesicle or purulent vesicle) - acne, folliculitis and various forms of dermatosis.
   
5. 5) Combined form of manifestation - simultaneous formation of various types of rashes.

Demodectic subtypes and risk factors

1. Subspecies number 1 - As a result of inflammation of the blood vessels, the central part of the face has persistent signs of redness with or without manifestation of red, pink or blue spots on the skin.
   
2. Subspecies number 2 - A periodic manifestation of pustules and papules is added to the addition to redness.
   
3. Subspecies №3 - It is manifested by thickening and uneven skin surface with porous expansion. The process is localized on the nose, chin, forehead, cheeks and ears.
   
4. Subspecies №4 - It is manifested by telangiectasia of the sclera, periorbital edema, blurred vision, dryness, itching, photosensitivity of the eyes.

Almost every person in the arsenal has a demodekozny mite, and he is a carrier of the disease. But this does not mean that he must get sick. A trigger factor in the activation of ticks are a number of factors:

• immune deficiency;
  
• disorders of the digestive tract and malfunction of the endocrine system;
  
• presence in the body of chronic infections;
  
• for trigeminal neuralgia-angioneurosis;
  
• stressful situations;
  
• use of cosmetics with hormonal and biological additives;
  
• spicy seasonings, strong black coffee and alcohol;
  
• bath procedures and excessive tanning.

Symptoms of demodicosis in humans

Demodectic infection can occur as erased forms or asymptomatic. The initial manifestation of the disease in humans is expressed by the symptoms:

1. 1) Eye pathologies - blepharo-conjunctivitis or keratitis.
   
2. 2) Inflammatory skin changes that can occur in combination with ocular demodectic forms.

Symptoms of demodicosis often manifest one or more symptoms independent of each other:

1. Burning and pricking - on areas of cheekbones with or without compaction of the affected skin, the formation of inflamed plaques.
   
2. Dry face - the skin acquires a coarse, dense consistency, often diagnosed as a manifestation of eczematous or seborrheic dermatitis.
   
3. Facial swelling - accompanies manifestation of hyperemia and reddening of the facial skin. It manifests as a soft and hard edema. In the first case, the edema is aggravated by the inflammatory processes of the skin, in the second case, the papular-pustular form of demodecosis may be the cause of edema.
   
4. Eye pathologies - in the form of gelatinous chemosis on the surface of the eye( conjunctival hyperemia) or signs of keratitis( inflammation of the cornea).
   
5. Changes in the skin of the phimatous type - manifested by fibrous skin lesions or prominent bulges on the face. The growth of the skin on the wings and tip of the nose is a rhinophyma, the most common form of demodectic manifestation.

Probability of complications

Like any disease, demodicosis in the absence of adequate timely treatment can lead to undesirable complications.

The attempt to get rid of the rash by itself, by mechanical removal, leads in the end result, to the spread of purulent infection and the defeat of various areas on the body with the addition of additional infections.

The consequence of demodicosis can be various diseases of dermatological nature leading to:

• to inflammatory diseases of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles - acne;
  
• to chronic inflammatory processes on the face - rosacea;
  
• to chronic manifestations of rashes and rashes around the mouth - perioral dermatitis;
  
• to increased secretion of sebum fat - seborrheic dermatitis. In some patients, complications can be manifested by mental and psychoneurological disorders.

Treatment of demodectic

The curative plan of demodectic disease is made on the basis of individual selection of the treatment regimen and cause-and-effect therapy, which includes:

1. 1) Joint dermatological and dermatocosmetic therapy using cryodermabrasion, cryopilling, cryomassage methods.
   
2. 2) Anti-parasitic and exfoliating procedures - ointment containing sulfur and solutions and powders of sodium thiosulfate.
   
3. 3) Anti-allergenic, histamine-blocking drugs - to maintain acid-base balance.
   
4. 4) Assignment of vitamin preparations and antibiotics.
   
5. 5) Absorbents - for the prevention of vascular diseases.
   
6. 6) Individual formulation of a diet that excludes fried, too fatty, spicy and salty foods.

For the prevention of demodicosis in humans, during intensive activation of ticks - in the summer and spring months, it is necessary to use the eye polycarpine gel, to prevent conjunctival manifestations, make-up using creams and ointments that include extracts of Echinacea and aloe.

To prevent the parasite from getting into the cream, where it will successfully reproduce, use the cream packaged in tubes. Do not use someone else's makeup.

It is necessary to regularly get rid of dust in the house, clean the blankets and pillows. During the treatment, linens and personal hygiene items should be changed daily and washed in hot water with the addition of powder - Akaril or Allergof. Limit bath and tanning.

I weighed 92 kg! Fat went 3 kg a week! For this, I drank a glass before bed. ..

Nail fungus is afraid of this as a fire! If in cool water. ..

Varicose veins disappear in a few days! You just need to spread your feet once a day. ..

The "grandfather's" method to quit smoking! In 7 days you will forget about cigarettes forever!