Impetigo: symptoms and treatment, photos, causes
What is it and how to treat it? Impetigo( in Latin) means skin disease with the formation of scabs.
According to the definition of modern medicine, the disease is a superficial bacterial skin infection.
Pathogens - streptococci and staphylococci, actively multiplying in the hair follicles, cause the formation of purulent vesicles( pustules) in the form of a pustular blistering rash.
When bursting, the bubbles form a purulent crust that turns into scabs. As a result of damage to the epidermis of the skin, skin ulcers are sometimes formed - erosion.
Modern medical classification distinguishes three main types of impetigo:
Strikes the skin with milder vesicles filled with serous fluid with purulent impurities. Streptococcal bacteria, which are the causative agent, penetrate into the surface layer of the skin as a result of its damage and cause pathological processes.
The destruction of the finest film on the surface of the skin( stratum corneum) increases the permeability and external load on living cells, this contributes to a sharp increase in the threat of their life and promotes easy penetration of pathogens.
In women and children, the upper layer of the skin is tender and thin, so they are more susceptible, and become infected more often.
The disease causes staphylococci, the lesion appears as thin, flabby purulent vesicles in the mouths of the hair follicles. At the base of the bladder, the skin has an inflamed appearance.
Bubble foci rapidly fall off, and the skin beneath them has a smooth, "lacquered" surface.
Strikes mainly men, localized in the mustache, beard and other parts of the body, where there is a "hairy vegetation".The process continues for a week, the skin does not change - traces and scarring does not remain.
Disease of a mixed type of impetigo, as causative agents can be cocci bacteria of both types. There are several types of manifestation:
Formations on the trunk, arms and legs are possible. Lymph nodes swell. Mostly, young children, women and teenage girls are affected.
Bullous form is a representative of the streptococcal form of impetigo. But the causative agent of infection can serve and staphylococci. Penetrating through the injured skin, cause the formation of blistering purulent eruptions.
Affected areas are localized on the feet, legs and back of the hands. Bubbles are strained, hemispherical, sometimes reaching up to 5 cm in size. In unclear exudate under a dense "cover" there may be impurities of blood.
A distinctive feature of this species is that the bullous species does not pass into the chronic form, and the formation of rashes does not occur on the injured skin, ulnar and knee joints.
The main and main cause of the infectious disease is the bacteria of the family Streptococcaceae. Penetrating through the mouth of the follicle of the hair, through abrasions and cracks on the surface of the skin, the pathogens cause inflammation, provoking various skin diseases.
Impetigo may manifest as a complication or act as a co-morbid condition - it may be primary and secondary.
In children and adults, many reasons contribute to its appearance:
In adults and children, the symptoms of the disease determine the type of pathogen and the form of impetigo, which has many varieties and its characteristics.
The diagnosis of impetigo is based on:
Different types of impetigo can be treated differently, it largely depends on the susceptibility of bacteria. In the vast majority, local or outpatient treatment is used.
The component of treatment is:
Opened and treated sores with greens, antibacterial ointment or cream. The course of treatment is up to two weeks. It is not recommended to cover wounds with bandages or bandages. To the skin should be free air access.
According to the definition of modern medicine, the disease is a superficial bacterial skin infection.
Pathogens - streptococci and staphylococci, actively multiplying in the hair follicles, cause the formation of purulent vesicles( pustules) in the form of a pustular blistering rash.
When bursting, the bubbles form a purulent crust that turns into scabs. As a result of damage to the epidermis of the skin, skin ulcers are sometimes formed - erosion.
Classification of
Modern medical classification distinguishes three main types of impetigo:
- streptococcal type;
- is a staphylococcus type;
- vulgar - mixed type.
Streptococcal impetigo
Strikes the skin with milder vesicles filled with serous fluid with purulent impurities. Streptococcal bacteria, which are the causative agent, penetrate into the surface layer of the skin as a result of its damage and cause pathological processes.
The destruction of the finest film on the surface of the skin( stratum corneum) increases the permeability and external load on living cells, this contributes to a sharp increase in the threat of their life and promotes easy penetration of pathogens.
In women and children, the upper layer of the skin is tender and thin, so they are more susceptible, and become infected more often.
Staphylococcal impetigo
The disease causes staphylococci, the lesion appears as thin, flabby purulent vesicles in the mouths of the hair follicles. At the base of the bladder, the skin has an inflamed appearance.
Bubble foci rapidly fall off, and the skin beneath them has a smooth, "lacquered" surface.
Strikes mainly men, localized in the mustache, beard and other parts of the body, where there is a "hairy vegetation".The process continues for a week, the skin does not change - traces and scarring does not remain.
Streptophilus - vulgar impetigo
Disease of a mixed type of impetigo, as causative agents can be cocci bacteria of both types. There are several types of manifestation:
- surface appearance, including formations caused by atypical microbes;
- chronic form - streptostafilodermia, and chronic form of botryomycosis.
Formations on the trunk, arms and legs are possible. Lymph nodes swell. Mostly, young children, women and teenage girls are affected.
Bullous impetigo
Bullous form is a representative of the streptococcal form of impetigo. But the causative agent of infection can serve and staphylococci. Penetrating through the injured skin, cause the formation of blistering purulent eruptions.
Affected areas are localized on the feet, legs and back of the hands. Bubbles are strained, hemispherical, sometimes reaching up to 5 cm in size. In unclear exudate under a dense "cover" there may be impurities of blood.
A distinctive feature of this species is that the bullous species does not pass into the chronic form, and the formation of rashes does not occur on the injured skin, ulnar and knee joints.
The causes of impetigo
The main and main cause of the infectious disease is the bacteria of the family Streptococcaceae. Penetrating through the mouth of the follicle of the hair, through abrasions and cracks on the surface of the skin, the pathogens cause inflammation, provoking various skin diseases.
Impetigo may manifest as a complication or act as a co-morbid condition - it may be primary and secondary.
In children and adults, many reasons contribute to its appearance:
- warm, humid climate;
- rainy season or summer period;
- microtrauma and insect bites;
- violations of hygienic conditions;
- presence of the disease in the family;
- weakened immunity;
- disturbances in metabolic processes;
- is a consequence of complicated skin diseases;
- contact with the patient.
Symptoms of impetigo
In adults and children, the symptoms of the disease determine the type of pathogen and the form of impetigo, which has many varieties and its characteristics.
- 1) The slit form is a junction. It is manifested mainly in children, a vial( fliktena) filled with a turbid liquid is located in the lumps of the corners of the lips. Isolation from the vesicles, quickly shrinks, forming a crust and further a very painful crack. Is of a lasting nature. See how to treat snacks in the corners of the mouth.
- 2) Nogtoeda - the disease manifests itself in suppurations surrounding the nail tissue, purulent vesicles are located at the base of the nail. A rapidly developing inflammatory process contributes to the infection of surrounding tissues, and the lesion covers completely the phalanx of the fingers.
- 3) Pimples of newborns - vesicles filled with turbid fluid and pus, are located on the "ass", hips and other parts of the body of newborns. The disease is contagious and easily transmitted, to weakened children poses a serious threat.
- 4) Syphil-like papular form - rashes are located in intimate areas. Stains of cyanotic color are formed, characterized by the development of erosion. Because of the similarity with syphilis, a serological test is used for diagnosis.
- 5) Ring-shaped impetigo - has an acute form of the disease. Eruptions in the form of small flat vesicles rapidly increase in size. Drying in the central part, form a brown crust. The bubble, growing at the base, forms the shape of the ring. Hence the name.
- 6) Streptococcal impetigo of the mucous membranes - symptoms are determined by aphthous( ulcerative) eruptions or by flat, small vesicles on the mucous membranes - conjunctiva, eyeball, nose and mouth. At the same time, skin lesions may occur.
- 7) Vulgar impetigo vegetative - characterized by vegetative foci, covered with a purulent crust, as a result of exudate exudation. Inflammation of the lymph nodes is noted.
- 8) Abortive variety - streptococcusation. It usually appears in children. Manifestations are expressed by the appearance on the face of crimson spots of various sizes with small bubbles and scales. Under the influence of sunlight there is an uneven pigmentation in the form of white spots on the tanned skin.
Diagnosis
The diagnosis of impetigo is based on:
- revealing the pathogen by laboratory tests;
- external manifestations of the disease;
- Detection of previous contacts( infected children, insect bites, cuts and abrasions).
Treatment of impetigo
Different types of impetigo can be treated differently, it largely depends on the susceptibility of bacteria. In the vast majority, local or outpatient treatment is used.
The component of treatment is:
- 1) Hygiene - keeping the skin clean will prevent the spread of infection. And in the treatment of mild manifestations of the disease this may be enough.
- 2) External use of preparations containing antibiotics - ointment or creams, for example - Bactroban. Before applying, carefully remove the crust and treat the wound with an antiseptic. In complicated cases, with a neglected form of the disease, antibiotics are prescribed for internal use.
- 3) Preparations are selected - cephalosporin, penicillin and fluoroquinolone groups, depending on the strain and the sensitivity of the pathogen.
- autohemotherapy;
- of anti-staphylococcal immunoglobulin;
- of staphylococcal anatoxin.
Opened and treated sores with greens, antibacterial ointment or cream. The course of treatment is up to two weeks. It is not recommended to cover wounds with bandages or bandages. To the skin should be free air access.