Cultivation of apple and pear on shtabo-and skeleton-forming

To save fruit trees from death in severe winters, it is possible to plant them on shtabo- and skeleton-forming agents. The variety used as a stamping and skeletal agent must be winter hardy and strong, with a strong skeleton of the crown: which would withstand a high harvest load, and have good compatibility with the graft. All these requirements for the apple tree are answered by the variety Sharopai, and for the pear - Theme.

It is better to use seedlings of Antonovka common as a rootstock for cultivating a shtabo- and skeleton-forming agent for an apple tree. For this seedling, the Sharopai variety is planted with oculization( in summer) or by a cut( in spring).After the floor is

chen one year old, grafted by Sharopay, at an altitude of 110-130 cm graft the desired variety, and then the crown will be formed from the grafted cuttings. To increase the winter hardiness of the shaper, the first two or three years that appear on the stem, do not need to cut the

, but only pinch it over the fifth to sixth sheet and only after two to three years of fruiting cut out on the ring.

How to get skeleton?

For skeletal formation, it is possible to re-inoculate the Skoropai crown skeleton in two ways. For a one-year-old of this variety, as well as in the preparation of a stamping agent, a stem is grafted at an altitude of 110-130 cm of the desired variety. In the same year below the grafted cuttings buds appear from the kidneys, which form the crown, which is re-inoculated for the next year. On the two-year-old variety of the variety of Sharopai, the next year after planting, both the continuation shoot and all the skeletal branches( three to four) are restyled at a distance of 30-50 cm from the trunk of the central conductor, on top of the shoot. To plant a cuticle with six buds, the gain in the first year will be less, the terminal bud will be more quickly processed

walks, and the tree is better prepared for winter. An increase in the number of buds on the cuttings contributes to an increase in yield.

Unprotected shoots on the skeleton-brazier shoe in the first years do not need to be removed. Only the so-called competitors cut out, that is, shoots that appear below the extension shoot with a separation angle of less than 40 °, the rest are shortened, pinched, bent down and only after two to three years of fruiting cut out on the ring. Pear on the stamping and skeleton is grown in a similar way.

Apple on dwarfish or semi-dwarfish rootstock

Advantages of dwarfs:

- short-term, they bear fruit in the second or third year;

- good yield and high quality of fruits;

- low-volume crown and easy care.

• Cultivation of apple and pear on skeletons and stamping agents

But there is a drawback - it is the fragility of the tree, a weak root system, so the sensitivity of dwarfs to drought, increased demands on nutrition. But nevertheless, dwarfs are in great demand, especially for those areas where there is a high level of groundwater, and ordinary trees on the seed do not grow.

The

rootstocks Dwarf and semi-dwarf rootstocks reproduce vegetatively, most often by green cuttings. But in small quantities you can get them with lignified cuttings and layers.

In the Michurinsky agrouniversity( now MichGAU) under the guidance of Professor NG

Zhuchkov, the following clonal stocks were obtained: medium height - 57-233, 57-490;semi-dwarfish - 54-118, 57-545, 58-238, 60-164.62-223, 71-3-150, 67-5( 32);dwarf - 57-257, 57-476, 60-160, 62-396, 57-366, 57-491, Malysh Budagovsky, Paradise of Budagovsky.

Vaccination of

The stem of the cultivar is cultivated on the rootstock. Various methods of grafting are used: copulating, budding, splitting, etc. Forming as usual. Sometimes a dwarf graft is used for insertion, grafted on the seminal rootstock. This insert is then inoculated with the desired variety. Such seedlings with an insert are more durable, since the root system and the base of the stem are from the seed stock.

Shrubs on the boles

Gooseberry, currant;roses and many ornamental shrubs with weeping branches can be grown on stems. Gooseberries and currants, for example, are planted on a goldencurrant bunch.

Preparation of the

Seedlings, layers or rooted cuttings of golden currant are planted on the bed in autumn or spring and are grown in one stem, periodically pinching the side branches so that they do not grow in length, but feed on the stem. In the second half of July or early August, when the bark is well separated, the shank is grafted, after cleaning the stem of the rootstock at the site of inoculation from the side shoots. This work is carried out in the early days of July.

Vaccination of

The best method of summer grafting of gooseberry is considered to be a lateral inoculation per cortex. On the ripened shoot of gooseberries, leaf blades and thorns are cut, leaving only cuttings of leaves. Cut the stalk with 4-5 buds and make on it a flat oblique cut length of 3-4 cm so that on the opposite side there is a kidney about a third away from the upper edge of the cut.

On the driftwood, at an altitude of approximately 50 cm, make a T-shaped incision, as in the grafting. Above the transverse incision, the bark is cut in the form of a crescent so that it does not interfere with the close fitting of the cuttings to the rootstock. Then cut the shank under the bark, tightly tying the

straps and cover with the garden sauce. For the winter, it is better to bend the gum with graft to the ground.

Forming

In the spring, the rootstock is straightened, tied to the peg and pruned, leaving a tenon 15-20 cm long. The buds in the upper part of the spinule are plucked, and in the lower part it is left so that the spinule does not dry out along with the grafted cuttings. Shoots from them, as well as ramifications on the stem, in the summer systematically pricked. When shoots on the grafted shank reach 8-10 cm, they pinch to create the crown. In August, the thorn is cut out, leaving only branches of the scion.