What is a rectal fissure - full information about the disease

Rectum fracture or anal fissure is one of the most common proctologic diseases. This is a mucosal defect in the rectum, has a linear, oval or triangular shape. Its size reaches 2 cm.

Disease occurs both in young and adulthood. In rare cases, there is also a rectal fissure in the child. Women due to anatomical features of the structure of the anus are more prone to this disease.

Causes of

Disease Causes for which a crack may occur:

• inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract;
• mechanical injury.

There are also cases where both of these causes are combined.

With gastritis or cholecystitis, as well as other inflammations, the risk of a crack is increased. Since different parts of the digestive system are connected, inflammation in one of them leads to a pathology of the mucosa of the entire gastrointestinal tract, thereby increasing its vulnerability.

Mechanical injury can occur due to the passage of dense stools or the entry into the anus of a foreign body.

A rectal fissure in a child is capable of combining these two factors of disease occurrence. Most often this is caused by endobiosis( helminthiasis).Because of the worms, the lower part of the intestine is constantly inflamed, moreover, in the area of ​​the anus, a strong itch is felt. The child, combing the area of ​​the anus, damages the mucous membrane. The situation is further aggravated by constipation and passage of dense fecal masses.

What are the main symptoms?

There is a chronic rectal fissure, as well as an acute form of the disease. In the chronic form the disease flows from acute in the absence of proper treatment.

The main symptom of this disease is pain in the anus. In acute fracture, it occurs only during defecation - the pain is intense, but has a duration of no more than 15 minutes. The chronic fissure is accompanied by a less intense manifestation of the pain syndrome, but has a greater duration. In this case, pain can be present even with normal sitting.

Also a symptom of the presence of a crack is the bleeding from the anus. Usually it is insignificant, the blood is scarlet and not mixed with feces. Bleeding can be seen after defecation, as it is caused by the passage of dense stools through the damaged area.

Difficult stool and constipation is another symptom of a rectal fissure. The pain syndrome in defecation can be so strong that there is a reflex spasm of the anal sphincter. Chronic form of the disease can be accompanied by a fear of defecation, which only further exacerbates the symptoms - the feces thicken and more severely injures the inflamed mucous membrane.

The rectal fissure in chronic form, as a rule, is accompanied by the release of pus from the anus.
Children who have a crack often cry when defecating, avoiding the pot, being fussy. In addition, parents can notice blood in the feces or on a napkin.

Diagnosis and treatment of the disease

If there are characteristic symptoms of a crack, an anus examination and a finger examination of the rectum are performed. In addition, the patient donates blood tests( general, for HIV, hepatitis, syphilis and blood sugar) and feces.

Children are additionally referred for special analysis, which determines the presence of worms in the feces.

At the beginning of the treatment of this disease, drug therapy is used. Only after its ineffectiveness the patient is sent for surgery.

In case of medical treatment, such measures are carried out:

• is provided with a soft regular chair. To do this, the patient is assigned a special diet for a rectal fissure, which is based on dairy and plant products containing large amounts of fiber. Also used enemas - they spend every day using a weak solution of antiseptic.
• uses painkillers and anti-inflammatory drugs( rectal suppositories, microclysters, warm baths).

Rectum fracture in most cases has a concomitant disease of the gastrointestinal tract, so you need to treat the underlying pathology.

As a rule, treating the disease with conservative methods gives a positive result. If the effectiveness of the prescribed procedures is low and there is the presence of a chronic form of the disease, more radical therapies, such as excision of the rectal fissure, are used.

Today, operations are increasingly carried out using sparing methods of laser coagulation or cryodestruction. These methods do not require general anesthesia and prolonged stay in the hospital.

If there is a defect of a large size, a specialist can resort to a classic operation. The procedure is carried out under general anesthesia and includes dissection of the sphincter, excision of the edges of the crack and suturing the edges of the wound. After the operation, the patient receives local anti-inflammatory therapy for a month. In addition, a prerequisite is the observance of a diet to prevent the occurrence of dense stools.

How to treat a rectal crack with folk remedies

If correctly and regularly apply folk methods of treating a rectal fissure, they will have high efficiency. Folk remedies are also actively used in traditional medicine in the treatment of this disease. Decoctions, pastes, infusions, baths, enemas, herbal teas, as experience has shown, have considerable effectiveness in the fight against a crack in the rectum.

With local treatment, such herbs as chamomile, sage, oak bark, yarrow are used. From the juice of aloe and calanchoe make microclysters. For general improvement of the gastrointestinal tract, it is shown to apply therapeutic tea, brewed from chamomile, sage and St. John's wort.

Traditional methods of treating a rectal crack are often combined with the use of pharmaceuticals. This allows you to reduce the burden of drugs on the body, which is especially important for patients with chronic form of the disease.