Cancer of the kidney: surgery in the development of pathology. Ways to prevent relapses
After the diagnosis of kidney cancer: the operation must be carried out without fail. To select the appropriate treatment, the following factors should be taken into account: the age of the patient, the general state of health, the prevalence of the tumor process on nearby tissues and organs.
In the development of oncology, a radical or partial nephrectomy can be performed in the kidney. Partial nephrectomy consists in excising the area of the kidney, which affects the malignant process.
This is important! In addition, in some situations, if it is impossible to implement a radical operation or when forming a small tumor, the doctor may prescribe an arterial embolization, cryotherapy of oncology or radiofrequency ablation of the tumor.
What is the procedure for radical nephrectomy
In modern medicine it is radical nephrectomy that remains the main choice of treatment for localized kidney cancer. Sometimes such an operation is prescribed for the treatment of metastatic and locally advanced renal cancer.
It turns out that this surgical operation with oncology of the kidney is required in the first and second stages of the disease, at times and in the third stage. The implementation of surgery for oncology of the kidney of the fourth steel still causes a lot of controversy among specialists.
Nephrectomy can be performed laparoscopically or openly. Most often, laparoscopic operations are performed, then at times it is required to use the method of open organ removal.
Examination and preparation for operation
Each patient must undergo a complete diagnosis before the operation is performed, which consists in the organization of laboratory and instrumental examination - the delivery of urine and blood tests, tests for assessing liver and kidney function, blood clotting, ECG, etc..At the preliminary consultation the doctor explains to the patient about the procedure for the examination. Usually, hospitalization is carried out one day before the operation.
Preparation for an open and laparoscopic operation is almost the same. Open intervention always requires general anesthesia, so the patient is unconscious throughout the operation.
Postoperative predictions and recovery period
Renal oncology ranks second among all malignant tumors, which are characterized by an unexpected regression after removal of the primary lesion. This happens in approximately 0.5% of cases. With the development of metastases, predictions will depend on the prevalence of the lesion and on the time elapsed from the time of surgery to the formation of metastases. In general, if we talk about the five-year survival of patients, then it is about 40 - 50%.
Patients who have undergone surgery may experience repeated development of the disease. In this regard, each patient after the implementation of a surgical procedure for kidney cancer, during the year is under the supervision of a doctor, who must attend every three months. This observation includes physical examination, chest x-ray, urinalysis and blood tests, as well as assessment of kidney and liver function.
This is important! If you have another kidney damage, you may need one more operation. In addition, other therapies can be implemented. For example, chemotherapy, immune therapy or radiation treatment.
Risks of complications development
According to medical data, the frequency of occurrence of nonspecific complications in oncology of the kidney varies from 1 to 4%.
The most frequent complication in any operation is infectious lesions and the formation of blood clots in the vessels.
Early resumption of activity and the realization of respiratory gymnastics help reduce the risk of developing pneumonia. Careful care of the wound, changing dressings, treatment of the wound with antiseptics prevents suppuration. When symptoms of inflammation manifest the doctor prescribes the use of antibiotic drugs.
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