What are the symptoms of kidney cancer, at what stage they manifest themselves

Renal oncology is a lesion when a malignant tumor forms in the body, the cells of which divide uncontrollably. Most malignant processes begin to develop in the inner layer of small-sized tubules of the kidneys. And this form is called renal cell carcinoma. A positive factor is that the tumor is diagnosed before the time of metastasis spread to distant tissues and organs. Revealed symptoms of kidney cancer in the early stages can increase the effectiveness of treatment.

The main causes of the development of malignant tumor

Doctors can not accurately determine the causes of cancer, affecting the kidneys. But there are some factors that increase the risks of progression of pathology. Usually, cancer is diagnosed in people over the age of forty. Frequently manifested risk factors are:

• Smoking - in smokers the risk of cancer is doubled. Cigars also increase the risk of a tumor.
• Men tend to get kidney cancer twice as often.
• Obesity often negatively affects the exchange of hormones in the body, it promotes the progression of cancer.
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• Prolonged intake of drugs without specialist supervision.
• Severe kidney damage or prolonged dialysis with simultaneous total organ failure.
• Presence of certain genetic diseases in the body.
• Weighed down the family history of the disease.
• Effect on the body as a whole and in particular on the kidneys with harmful chemicals - cadmium, gasoline, solvents, etc.
• High blood pressure. Specialists still can not establish what exactly causes the formation of oncology - high blood pressure or influence on the body of medicines used to reduce it.
• The dark color of the skin - in Negroes, the risk of developing a cancerous tumor is several times higher for reasons unknown to science.

This is important! The presence of the listed risk factors does not mean that the defeat of the organism will happen without fail. Also, with complete absence of negative influences, a malignant tumor in the kidneys can develop.

How oncology of the kidneys is manifested

Nonspecific symptoms of the manifestation of kidney cancer are as follows:

• increase in body temperature;
• severe fatigue and persistent weakness of the body;
• weight reduction;
• dizziness;
• lack of appetite.

Specific signs of kidney cancer appear as the tumor grows and can be:

1. Hematuria - the presence of blood in the urine. It can appear in small amounts or in the form of large clots that appear for no reason, and then disappear quickly. Massive bleeding becomes a direct indication for urgent hospitalization and the implementation of an organ removal operation.
2. Palpation of a malignant neoplasm in the abdominal cavity or an enlarged organ.
3. Pain sensations - develop with hematuria due to obstruction of the ureter passage, due to the dilatation of the renal capsule, due to sprouting and pressure by nerve trunks or large veins in the peritoneum to the kidney.

The first signs of pathology, as a rule, is absent, which significantly complicates the diagnostic process.

Diagnosis of kidney oncology development

The tumor detection test helps to establish whether kidney cancer can be cured, and includes:

• Ultrasound diagnosis for organs in the abdominal cavity, lymph nodes in the space behind the peritoneum. These measures make it possible to establish a nodal neoplasm, to reveal its size and the vastness of involving nearby tissues in the malignant process, lymph nodes and vessels.
• MRI and computed tomography are used to obtain more accurate results in the diagnosis of the tumor process, as well as to establish the presence or absence of distant metastatic lesions.
• In an unclear situation, some patients may require percutaneous puncture biopsy of a tumor under close supervision of an ultrasound examination or CT scan - a diagnosis is made using a thin needle that is injected under local anesthesia into the tumor cavity. So, a sample is taken for microscopic diagnosis. This treatment can confirm the formation of malignant neoplasm in almost 100% of cases.
• Excretory urography or X-ray examination is an outdated method of diagnosis, which makes it possible to establish the ability of the affected kidney to function normally.
• Radioisotope diagnostics - renal scintigraphy - it helps to assess the quality of the organ work and the degree of its deviation from the norm under the influence of the tumor process.
• Sometimes, with a very large tumor size, angiography is used - examination of renal vessels and the introduction of intravenous contrast - makes it possible to determine the degree of involvement of large vessels near the kidney in the process.
• Cystoscopy - endoscopic diagnosis in the bladder. It is implemented to identify the main source of blood in the urine and to exclude tumors in the bladder.
• Additional methods for diagnosing a tumor are: chest x-ray, skeletal examination to detect distant metastases.

How is renal oncology treated

? Undoubtedly, the main method of treatment is surgical intervention - kidney removal. Nephrectomy is also performed in the presence of metastases in the bones and lungs. The main indication for surgery is the ability to remove a large tumor and get rid of the patient from severe symptoms.

Sometimes, when implementing the removal of a malignant tumor in the kidney with a single metastasis to the lungs, a double operation is performed - the damaged metastasis in the lung is eliminated. But this happens very rarely due to the fact that metastasis is almost never of an isolated nature.

This is important! In the prevalent pathology with the presence of tumor germination in nearby tissues, extensive metastases to the lymph nodes in the space behind the peritoneum, in the presence of separate metastases affecting the lungs and bones, only symptomatic therapy or palliative treatment with attempts to realize chemotherapy becomes possible.

At times the effect brings the medicinal treatment of kidney cancer. Prolonged stabilization of the state of health and regression of the neoplasm occurs in 40% of cases, but with small metastases. With early diagnosis of metastases, one can count on the success of treatment.

Long-term results after radical surgery are not comforting. Prognosis of kidney cancer after nephrectomy: survival for five years is up to 70%.

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