Nephrology: pain with inflammation of the kidneys

For the body, pain is always a sign of the unhappiness of any part of the body. And then "requires" the adoption of measures to eliminate it. But one thing is when unpleasant feelings are connected with an external factor. Its elimination significantly reduces, and even completely removes these unpleasant sensations. In a different way, if these feelings are associated with the pathology of internal organs, such as pain in inflammation of the kidneys.

Physiology of pain

This is important! From the physiological point of view, pain is a sensation formed by the neurons of the cerebral cortex. But their formation is carried out on the basis of processing of impulses from special nervous receptors. These endings of neurons perceive external stimuli, which leads to the formation of an impulse. The latter passes through the nerve fibers to the neurons of the cortex. And already there is its processing. However, in different people, the nature of the pain may differ somewhat due to emotional coloring. All this is strictly individual and depends on the individual characteristics of higher nervous activity.

The mechanism of impulse formation is directly related to the violation of transmembrane transport of sodium and potassium ions. They form the charge on both sides of the membrane. In the state of rest, electrolyte transfer does not occur. Therefore, the charge is on constant numbers. In this case, the action potential is "0".The fact is that this potential is not directly related to the absolute numbers of the charge and its polarity. On both sides of the membrane are positively charged ions. The potential depends on the rate of increase of the difference. Accordingly, the higher it is, the greater the potential for action.

The violation of ion equilibrium occurs due to the change in the capacity of special channels, through which they pass on both sides. But changes in the channel occur as a result of the action on the membrane of certain factors.

Sexually, they lead to the formation of pain:

• Mechanical exposure from the outside or pressure on the receptors.
• Chemical reactions of the membrane with certain substances.
• Thermal action of temperatures. It occurs only in the presence of a difference of several tens of degrees from the temperature of the tissues.
• Direct damage to the integrity of the membrane. It should be noted that the receptor quickly dies and its impulse becomes one of the last for him.

Mechanisms of pain formation in inflammatory pathology of the kidneys

In accordance with the structural features( pain receptors are found only in the capsule and epithelium of the kidney sinuses), the formation of pain in inflammation of the kidneys is possible only with irritation of the capsule and / or epithelium of the pelvis and calyces. The immediate mechanism of pain is associated with mechanical and chemical effects on receptors.

• Mechanical effect is due to the overgrowth of the capsule. It arises as a result of edema of tissues. And since it is most pronounced with pyelonephritis, it becomes understandable why the pain in this disease is the strongest among all inflammatory diseases of the kidneys. With glomerulonephritis, the inflammatory process is localized in nephrons.
• Chemical action on the membrane is carried out by direct contact with some substances produced by inflammation. Here again, the pain with pyelonephritis is the strongest, as the process of inflammation proceeds directly into the epithelium. Glomerulonephritis is characterized by inflammation of the glomeruli. And they, as is known, are an integral part of the parenchyma, which has no pain receptors.

Pains appear as unpleasant sensations of varying intensity in the lumbar region. They can wear as a constant whining or bursting character or have a wavy current with periods of stagnation and intensification of unpleasant sensations. Clear communication with the movement can not be traced. It can be seen only with sufficient inflammation, which stretches the capsule so much that the kidneys completely touch the surrounding muscles.

Simultaneously with pain, there are other signs that allow more detailed description of the pathological process.

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