Laparoscopic and hysteroscopic operations - Causes, symptoms and treatment. MF.

Operative endoscopy in general and in gynecology, in particular, one of the most intensively developing branches of medical science and practice.

The significant growth in the scope and range of endoscopic treatment methods is closely related to scientific and technological progress in various fields, such as optics, lighting, electronics, metalworking.

Many of the most advanced developments in these disciplines have found reflection in endoscopic equipment.

The light source in the process of development was transformed from a candle, through an incandescent bulb, located at the distal end of the endoscope's body, to powerful "cold" light sources, allowing not only to examine internal organs, but also to take photos and filming.

Endoscopes have evolved from a simple metal tube to Hopkins' most sophisticated high-precision optical system.

Endoscopic hemostatic tools - from mono and bipolar electrocoagulators to electrical thermal endocoagulators and laser coagulators, which in turn caused the emergence of many unique surgical endoscopic instruments and devices that allow to stop bleeding and stitch with minimal trauma of operated organs, leaving practically intactpelvic peritoneum.

As a result, these cardinal changes turned endoscopy from a purely diagnostic method into an irreplaceable, in many cases, method of surgical intervention.

Perfect technical capabilities have provided endoscopy with a special position among other diagnostic and treatment methods.

The modern gynecological clinic is inconceivable without endoscopic diagnosis and surgery. Here are some examples:

• A mysterious recurrent disease - polyps of the uterine mucosa, with scraping by the traditional method will be repeated repeatedly, while polyps removed under the control of hysteroscopy with a thorough scraping of the bed will not recur.
• Removal of the myomatous node or ovarian cyst with a 4-fold increase with the use of local vasoconstrictors, endocoagulation and endosvov with laparoscopy is accompanied by a hundred times less trauma to the tissues than with laparotomy, which reduces the toxic effects of resorption of tissue decay products and enables patients to show high physical activityimmediately after coming out of anesthesia. After laparoscopy, even with the most extensive endoscopic interventions, there are practically no symptoms of intestinal paresis, minimal violation of blood supply to the pelvic organs, which ensures early restoration of the functions of these organs.

Accordingly, the damage to the patient's health is reduced. The period of rehabilitation and economic expenses for restoring the health of the patient are significantly reduced, not to mention the cosmetic effect.

Special place in modern conditions, endoscopy takes in the surgical treatment of urgent gynecological diseases and in the clinic of female infertility. This is due to the fact that in endoscopic surgery endoscopy provides fast and extremely accurate diagnosis, allows you to operate with the smallest possible volume, for example: to keep the fallopian tubes in purulent salpingitis, and purulent tubo-ovarian formations, and as a consequence, with the subsequent preservation of the childbearing function. In the clinic of female infertility, endoscopy can detect preclinical forms of diseases, such as the initial stages of endometriosis, tumors of the uterus and ovaries, which allows patients to avoid long-term treatment, often damaging their health.

Thus, perfect endoscopy is one of the main methods that determine the strategy and tactics of examining patients.