How and why chronic pyelonephritis is manifested

Chronic pyelonephritis of the kidneys is a chronic form of the nonspecific bacterial process, which mainly involves the parenchyma of the kidneys and the bowl-and-pelvis system.

Causes of chronic forms of pyelonephritis

To etiological factors that provoke the development of pyelonephritis, it is necessary to refer microbial flora. Basically they are intestinal and parakishechnaya sticks, Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterococci and other pathogenic microorganisms.

An important role in the development of pathology is played by specific forms of bacteria, which are formed due to the lack of effectiveness of antimicrobial treatment and a violation of the level of acidity. These microorganisms are highly resistant to drugs, the difficulty of diagnosis, the ability to persist for a long time in the thickness of the interstitial tissue and activate under the influence of favorable conditions.

This is important! Most often the chronic form of pathology is preceded by an acute attack. The transformation of acute inflammation into a chronic process causes abnormalities of urinary retention caused by kidney calculi, reflux, adenoma, or nephroptosis.

Bacterial processes, such as cystitis, otitis, appendicitis, prostatitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, etc., support the process of inflammation in the kidneys, various somatic pathologies - obesity or diabetes mellitus, the state of disruption of immunity and intoxication of the body.

In women at a young age, the main impetus to the formation of a chronic disease is the onset of sexual activity, pregnancy or the birth of a child. In children at a young age, chronic pyelonephritis often correlates with congenital pathologies that adversely affect urodynamics.

How pyelonephritis is manifested

Latent disease is characterized by non-intensive clinical signs. As a rule, chronic pyelonephritis of a single kidney is manifested through malaise, fatigue, headaches and subfebrile condition. Puffiness, dysuria, lumbar pain are usually absent, mild proteinuria, bacturia and an increase in the concentration of leukocytes are revealed. Infringement of concentration work of kidneys at the latent current makes itself felt through polyuria and hypostenuria, sometimes there is a slight anemia and hypertension.

Recurrent course of the chronic form of pathology is wavy, with periodic renewal and abating of the inflammatory process. The manifestations of this anomaly include heaviness and aching pain in the lumbar region, dysuria, a recurring fever. When exacerbation symptoms of acute form of pyelonephritis appear. With the active development of recurrent pyelonephritis, anemia or hypertensive syndrome may begin. In the laboratory examination, an increase in the concentration of proteins, leukocytes, bacteria and sometimes the appearance of blood in the urine is revealed.

In hypertensive form, the syndrome increases blood pressure, which is supplemented by dizziness, headaches, sleep disorders, pain in the heart and shortness of breath. Hypertension sometimes takes a malignant character.

Diagnostic measures to help identify the disease

When identifying the chronic form of pyelonephritis in the kidneys, there are some difficulties that can be explained by the variety of symptoms and, in most cases, the latent course of the disease. The diagnosis, as a rule, is established through the data of the history of the disease, which is typical for the clinical picture and obtained after laboratory-instrumental examination of the results.

The following diagnostic methods are usually implemented:

1. Delivery of the general analysis of urine, helping to establish an increase in the concentration of leukocytes, erythrocytes, proteinuria, a decrease in the density of urine.
2. Delivery of a general blood test - when anemia is detected, an increase in the rate of erythrocyte sedimentation.
3. Examination of urinary sediment.
4. Quantitative process of cell determination.
5. Bacteriological examination of urine.
6. Biochemical blood tests with determination of the concentration of residual nitrogen, urea and creatinine.
7. Determination of the concentration of electrolytes in the urine and in the blood.
8. X-ray diagnosis of the kidneys - the detection of changes in the size of the body, its deformation, deformations of pelvis and calyx, impaired tonus in the urinary canals.
9. Radioisotope renography - helps to identify the functional abilities of the right and left kidneys separately.
10. Biopsy for the kidneys - the activity of the pathological process is established, the level of inflammatory infiltration and the degree of damage to the renal parenchyma.

This is important! To implement the diagnostic measures, intravenous and retrograde pyelography, renography, and wallography are used. To diagnose a one-sided form of chronic pyelonephritis, catheterization of the ureters is performed and the presence of blood cells, proteins in the urine sediment is detected.

Effective treatment when diagnosed: pyelonephritis

People with chronic pyelonephritis need compliance with a sparing regimen, preventing the effects of factors that exacerbate the disease, a special diet for chronic kidney pyelonephritis. It will take a suitable treatment for all associated diseases, control urine tests and monitor a urologist.

Regarding the diet, you need to abandon the consumption of spicy foods, coffee, spices, alcohol, meat and fish broth. Dietary nutrition should include enough vitamins, dairy products, fruits, vegetables and vegetable dishes, boiled meat and fish.

For a day you need to consume at least two liters of fluid to prevent excessive increase in the concentration of urine and ensure the washing of the urinary canals. With the development of exacerbation and with concomitant hypertension, restrictions are required in the intake of table salt. It is useful to use watermelons, cranberry fruit juice, pumpkin and melon.

Treatment of chronic kidney pyelonephritis will require the provision of antibiotic therapy when taking microbial flora into account. Systemic chemotherapy should continue until the stopping of the appearance of bacteria in the urine as a result of laboratory tests.

In complex drug treatment of the chronic form of pyelonephritis, vitamin B, C and A, antihistamines should be used. In the hypertensive form of pyelonephritis, the patient is prescribed antispasmodic and antihypertensive medications. In the anemic form of pyelonephritis, preparations containing iron, vitamin B12, folic acid are used. Also in the chronic course of pyelonephritis, the organization of physiotherapy procedures is shown.

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