Symptoms of botulism and timely diagnosis of the disease
Botulism is a dangerous disease that affects the central nervous system.
Without timely diagnosis and treatment, botulism always leads to death, so it is very important to know the causes of this disease and be able to recognize the first signs of botulism.
Causes of the disease
Unlike many especially dangerous infectious diseases, botulism can strike each of us. The source of the disease is Clostridium, a botulinum wand that lives and multiplies in an airless environment.
The ideal environment for the development of clostridia is a canned product sealed in cans without access to oxygen. If the bank was not sterilized well enough, it may contain botulism sticks that begin to produce botulinum toxins during breeding.
Botulinum toxin - one of the strongest in the world of poisons, which has a nerve-paralytic effect. Doctors say that his strength is tens of thousands of times greater than the power of snake venoms.
Getting into the human body, botulinum toxin is not destroyed in the stomach: hydrochloric acid has no influence on it.
Pretty quickly, toxins start destructively affecting the human body, affecting the nervous system and disrupting the overall functioning of the body.
It is important to know how to determine botulism: perhaps this knowledge will help you someday save the life of a loved one.
Symptoms of the disease
The disease is characterized by an acute and rapid onset: the incubation period is no more than two days. In especially severe cases, the incubation period ends two to three hours after infection.
Most often, the first signs appear in a day. The very first symptoms of botulism are more like an intestinal disorder. Nausea starts, vomiting, the patient suffers from severe pain in the abdomen.
For the first hours of the disease is characterized by a loose stool: profuse diarrhea persists for a long time and is accompanied by a high temperature.
Spasms and abdominal pain continue throughout the first day of the illness, after which strong constipation begins. Constipation in botulism is so strong that neither enemas nor laxatives can cope with them.
From the nervous system, at first, there is constant weakness, headache, light dizziness.
The first signs of botulism poisoning should be seen already at this stage. The patient himself must remember what he ate to confirm the suspicion of the disease. The signs of botulism, characteristic of the disease, often appear after the house opens its own canned food.
The most characteristic symptom of early botulism is visual impairment. The toxin affects the nervous system, so the patient complains of difficulty vision, fog, double vision.
After some time, there are other specific symptoms of botulism. The voice becomes hoarse and weak, speech is broken, words become indistinct, there is a sensation of a lump in the throat when swallowing.
Mucous membranes of the oral cavity dry out, causing unpleasant feelings. The patient is constantly thirsty. Muscles of the larynx gradually become paralyzed, which causes painful sensations when swallowing.
There is ptosis( omission of the eyelid), strabismus. Before the eyes there is a "grid" effect, the pupils cease to respond adequately to light.
If at first the body temperature greatly rises, then at this stage it decreases to a subfebrile( 37 degrees).
Already at this stage a person must be hospitalized and take all necessary measures to remove toxin from the body. Treatment of botulism should be immediate.
Home remedies can not be cured, so the only way to save an infected person is to call an ambulance.
If treatment does not come on time, intoxication will increase, vision impairment and swallowing will intensify, there will be a paralysis of the soft palate.
The most severe stage of botulism is accompanied by paralysis of the respiratory musculature. The lack of help will lead to a fatal outcome: a person will simply die from suffocation.
How Botulism Diagnosis Is Performed
After the doctors take all the necessary measures to detoxify the body, they take the patient's tests for laboratory diagnosis.
The final diagnosis is made only in the laboratory after examining the vomit, blood and liquid left after washing the stomach. If infection with botulinum toxins was present, under the microscope, the laboratory assistant will find botulinum clostridia and mark it in the medical record to confirm the need for further treatment in the hospital.
Botulism is always treated permanently: after a life-threatening patient no longer exists, conservative medical therapy is performed to restore the body.
Botulism