Duodenal ulcer: symptoms, treatment, diet, causes
Everyone has heard of such a disease as an ulcer of the duodenum, but few know how insidious and dangerous it is.
Ulcer is a mucosal imperfection that occurs as a result of exposure to pepsin and gastric acid.
If the disease is started, there can be serious complications - perforation of the wall of the stomach, 12 duodenum and bleeding.
Statistically, the ulcer appears more often in men than in women. Perhaps this is due to the risk factor - smoking, which leads to increased production of hydrochloric acid and poor digestion. More than 10-15% of people in the world suffer from peptic ulcer of stomach or duodenum. This is a consequence of an accelerated pace of life, neuroses and malnutrition. Unlike erosion, the ulcer does not pass without a trace, in its place remain scars.
The disease can be chronic, sometimes asymptomatic. The disease is characterized by periodicity, i.e.relapses, often exacerbation occurs in the fall and spring. The rhythm of the disease is determined by the dependence on food intake. The so-called "hungry pains" pass after eating food or drugs - antacids.
The peptic ulcer exhausts, causes weakness and rapid fatigue. Therefore, it is important to establish a diagnosis in time, start treatment and achieve a speedy recovery.
Doctors - gastroenterologists are always interested in the heredity of the patient. This factor is the determining factor in the development of the disease. In addition, in 55-60% of cases, the disease is provoked by Helicobacter pylori infection. This microbe damages the membrane of the duodenum or stomach.
When ingested, it actively multiplies and produces enzymes that damage the mucous membrane, reducing the protective functions of the body at the cellular level. Violated metabolism, the production of mucus, which causes the formation of defects or ulcers. The spiral-shaped microbe is transmitted by close contact, kisses, general use of dishes or a towel, non-compliance with hygiene rules.
At the same time, it is established that a microorganism is found in 80% of the population, but not all suffer from peptic ulcer disease. In this case, human immunity plays an important role. With stress and negative factors, when the protective function of the body decreases, a peptic ulcer appears.
The ulcer of the duodenum is more often developed, the stomach ulcer is less common, but concomitant diseases can occur simultaneously. To the causes of the disease are associated organic diseases. For example, lung disease, kidney failure, cirrhosis, celiac disease, lymphoma, Crohn's disease.
Duodenal ulcer manifests with severe pain in the stomach, especially in breaks between meals. Pain can appear with loads or eating spicy food. Often the pains are tormented at night, the feeling of hunger causes pain. Appetite will not change with the disease, sometimes even worse. After eating, heartburn may occur, rarely vomiting or nausea.
Nonspecific symptoms include constipation, a sour taste in the mouth. It is important to remember that an ulcer can be asymptomatic, cause only discomfort and weakness. In this case, you should consult a doctor and conduct an appropriate study.
External symptoms of duodenal ulcers include weakening of the body, sleep disturbance, and sometimes dry skin. Exhausting pains provoke nervousness, irritability. Since the digestive function is disrupted, food can be poorly digested, as pancreatic activity is reduced.
This is why the treatment of ulcers carry out a complex, including enzymes, drugs to improve motility and reduce acidity.
The most accurate method of diagnosis is a gastroscopy. Endoscopic method allows you to accurately establish the diagnosis, the presence of a defect, its location, size, depth of damage and shape.
The doctor determines the condition of the mucous membrane, the bottom of the ulcer defect and its edge by this method. There are many methods to study ulcerative defect of the duodenum.
Diagnostic methods:
Before the doctor prescribes treatment, the form of peptic ulcer is established. There are several types of duodenal ulcers:
First of all, prescribe drugs to normalize acidity, improve motor function, antibiotics to eliminate bacteria and create a protective film for the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum. As drugs to reduce the level of hydrochloric acid prescribed ranitidine, omeprazole, pantoprazole. To create a protective film appoint Almagel, vikalin or de-nol.
Metronidazole is used as an antimicrobial. To improve motility, an effective remedy is motillium. Often in addition to these funds, the gastroenterologist appoints vitamins, enzymes that improve the pancreas, hepatoprotectors for the liver. The success of treatment depends on proper treatment, diet.
If the doctor's prescriptions are not adhered to, complications can occur in the form of bleeding or perforation of the duodenal ulcer. In this case, sometimes resort to surgery.
Remove part of the affected area or fragments with scarring, and cut the nerve sprouts to reduce acidity.
The main principle of preventing peptic ulcer diseases is proper nutrition, elimination of alcohol and bad habits. Smoking, drinking alcohol are factors of the disease, because they reduce motor skills, worsen the work of the digestive tract. Food should be balanced, include minerals, vitamins.
Do not recommend smoked, fried, fatty and spicy foods, as produced by excess hydrochloric acid. Breaks between meals should not exceed 3-4 hours. In the morning on an empty stomach it is desirable to drink a glass of warm boiled water, it is possible with the addition of lemon juice and honey. In addition, an important factor in the prevention of ulcers is the normalization of the psychoemotional state.
Stress, irritation, depression lead to spasms of the bile duct, which makes bile passability difficult. It blocks the movement of the pancreatic juice, which leads to the cessation of the pancreas. There is a destruction of the gland and disruption of the digestive tract, which in turn leads to the appearance of erosion or defects.
diet If you have an ulcer, you need to follow a special diet. It is necessary to exclude from the diet products that provoke a peptic ulcer. This smoked meat, pickles, refined fatty and fried foods. It is best to eat porridge based on oatmeal, buckwheat, rice, wheat cereals.
Useful boiled chicken, rabbit, veal, stewed vegetables, baked in the oven apples, fish, eggs, dairy products. The method of preparation plays an important role in the treatment and prevention of the disease.
Only steamed, boiled and stewed foods, enriched with vitamins, minerals will help restore health.
Ulcer is a mucosal imperfection that occurs as a result of exposure to pepsin and gastric acid.
If the disease is started, there can be serious complications - perforation of the wall of the stomach, 12 duodenum and bleeding.
Statistically, the ulcer appears more often in men than in women. Perhaps this is due to the risk factor - smoking, which leads to increased production of hydrochloric acid and poor digestion. More than 10-15% of people in the world suffer from peptic ulcer of stomach or duodenum. This is a consequence of an accelerated pace of life, neuroses and malnutrition. Unlike erosion, the ulcer does not pass without a trace, in its place remain scars.
The disease can be chronic, sometimes asymptomatic. The disease is characterized by periodicity, i.e.relapses, often exacerbation occurs in the fall and spring. The rhythm of the disease is determined by the dependence on food intake. The so-called "hungry pains" pass after eating food or drugs - antacids.
The peptic ulcer exhausts, causes weakness and rapid fatigue. Therefore, it is important to establish a diagnosis in time, start treatment and achieve a speedy recovery.
Causes of duodenal ulcer
Doctors - gastroenterologists are always interested in the heredity of the patient. This factor is the determining factor in the development of the disease. In addition, in 55-60% of cases, the disease is provoked by Helicobacter pylori infection. This microbe damages the membrane of the duodenum or stomach.
When ingested, it actively multiplies and produces enzymes that damage the mucous membrane, reducing the protective functions of the body at the cellular level. Violated metabolism, the production of mucus, which causes the formation of defects or ulcers. The spiral-shaped microbe is transmitted by close contact, kisses, general use of dishes or a towel, non-compliance with hygiene rules.
At the same time, it is established that a microorganism is found in 80% of the population, but not all suffer from peptic ulcer disease. In this case, human immunity plays an important role. With stress and negative factors, when the protective function of the body decreases, a peptic ulcer appears.
The ulcer of the duodenum is more often developed, the stomach ulcer is less common, but concomitant diseases can occur simultaneously. To the causes of the disease are associated organic diseases. For example, lung disease, kidney failure, cirrhosis, celiac disease, lymphoma, Crohn's disease.
Provoking factors
- 1) Nervous system disruption. Depression, stress, mood swings, anxiety lead to vasospasms, and the mucous membrane becomes vulnerable to the effects of gastric juice, i.e.of hydrochloric acid.
- 2) Wrong food. The use of spicy, fatty, smoked and salty foods leads to an increase in the production of gastric juice, and hydrochloric acid destroys the walls of the stomach and the duodenum.
- 3) Drinking alcoholic beverages, alcohol reduces the protective function of the stomach.
- 4) Genetic predisposition.
- 5) Smoking disrupts digestive functions, damages the gastric mucosa.
- 6) Drug administration enhances the production of pepsin. Such medicines include aspirin, reserpine, corticosteroid hormones.
Symptoms of duodenal ulcer
Duodenal ulcer manifests with severe pain in the stomach, especially in breaks between meals. Pain can appear with loads or eating spicy food. Often the pains are tormented at night, the feeling of hunger causes pain. Appetite will not change with the disease, sometimes even worse. After eating, heartburn may occur, rarely vomiting or nausea.
Nonspecific symptoms include constipation, a sour taste in the mouth. It is important to remember that an ulcer can be asymptomatic, cause only discomfort and weakness. In this case, you should consult a doctor and conduct an appropriate study.
External symptoms of duodenal ulcers include weakening of the body, sleep disturbance, and sometimes dry skin. Exhausting pains provoke nervousness, irritability. Since the digestive function is disrupted, food can be poorly digested, as pancreatic activity is reduced.
This is why the treatment of ulcers carry out a complex, including enzymes, drugs to improve motility and reduce acidity.
Diagnosis
The most accurate method of diagnosis is a gastroscopy. Endoscopic method allows you to accurately establish the diagnosis, the presence of a defect, its location, size, depth of damage and shape.
The doctor determines the condition of the mucous membrane, the bottom of the ulcer defect and its edge by this method. There are many methods to study ulcerative defect of the duodenum.
Diagnostic methods:
- a general blood test for hemoglobin and erythrocyte content. Ulcer is not always accompanied by leukocytosis or elevated ESR.Only complicated or latent forms lead to leukocytosis or anemia in case of internal bleeding.
- analysis of feces for the content of hidden blood.
- study of the function of the stomach on acid formation with the help of pH - metry.
- X-ray method allows to determine the presence of scars and violation of the motility of the stomach and duodenum.
- biopsy is assigned to exclude a malignant tumor.
- electrogastroenterography.
- anthroduodenal manometry.
Treatment of duodenal ulcer
Before the doctor prescribes treatment, the form of peptic ulcer is established. There are several types of duodenal ulcers:
- acute ulcer with bleeding.
- peptic ulcer with perforation.
- acute ulceration without perforation or bleeding.
- chronic form of peptic ulcer with perforation or bleeding.
- chronic ulcer without bleeding or perforation.
First of all, prescribe drugs to normalize acidity, improve motor function, antibiotics to eliminate bacteria and create a protective film for the mucous membrane of the stomach and duodenum. As drugs to reduce the level of hydrochloric acid prescribed ranitidine, omeprazole, pantoprazole. To create a protective film appoint Almagel, vikalin or de-nol.
Metronidazole is used as an antimicrobial. To improve motility, an effective remedy is motillium. Often in addition to these funds, the gastroenterologist appoints vitamins, enzymes that improve the pancreas, hepatoprotectors for the liver. The success of treatment depends on proper treatment, diet.
Complications of
If the doctor's prescriptions are not adhered to, complications can occur in the form of bleeding or perforation of the duodenal ulcer. In this case, sometimes resort to surgery.
Remove part of the affected area or fragments with scarring, and cut the nerve sprouts to reduce acidity.
Prevention of duodenal ulcer
The main principle of preventing peptic ulcer diseases is proper nutrition, elimination of alcohol and bad habits. Smoking, drinking alcohol are factors of the disease, because they reduce motor skills, worsen the work of the digestive tract. Food should be balanced, include minerals, vitamins.
Do not recommend smoked, fried, fatty and spicy foods, as produced by excess hydrochloric acid. Breaks between meals should not exceed 3-4 hours. In the morning on an empty stomach it is desirable to drink a glass of warm boiled water, it is possible with the addition of lemon juice and honey. In addition, an important factor in the prevention of ulcers is the normalization of the psychoemotional state.
Stress, irritation, depression lead to spasms of the bile duct, which makes bile passability difficult. It blocks the movement of the pancreatic juice, which leads to the cessation of the pancreas. There is a destruction of the gland and disruption of the digestive tract, which in turn leads to the appearance of erosion or defects.
Basic principles of the
diet If you have an ulcer, you need to follow a special diet. It is necessary to exclude from the diet products that provoke a peptic ulcer. This smoked meat, pickles, refined fatty and fried foods. It is best to eat porridge based on oatmeal, buckwheat, rice, wheat cereals.
Useful boiled chicken, rabbit, veal, stewed vegetables, baked in the oven apples, fish, eggs, dairy products. The method of preparation plays an important role in the treatment and prevention of the disease.
Only steamed, boiled and stewed foods, enriched with vitamins, minerals will help restore health.