Mouse fever: symptoms, treatment, signs, prevention
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome( HFRS), better known as "murine fever", is an acute viral infectious disease.
The carriers of the causative agent are rodents - field mice, rats, bats, but the red vole is recognized as the main carrier. A person can catch airborne dust.
Particular danger, where the risk of infection is extremely high, are wooded areas.
In the risk zone are rural residents, foresters, mushroom pickers, fishermen and lovers of outdoor recreation. It is worth noting that the disease is not transmitted from person to person.
As already mentioned, the most favorable for the development of the virus are wooded areas, especially spruce-lime forests.
Rodents are asymptomatic vectors, therefore it is not possible to identify an infected animal by eye. To get infected, a person has enough of a small number of pathogens.
There are several ways of transmission of the disease:
Then there is a focal spread of the disease through, for example, contaminated fresh water from a single source.
After infection, an adult usually does not feel any symptoms for the next two to three weeks.
In some cases, the incubation period of may last more than a month. But with the appearance of specific signs, the disease passes into the initial period of development.
The initial stage lasts about 10 days. He is characterized by high fever, chills, headache, weakness. The disease continues to develop. A few days later, a decrease in temperature is possible, but more often it does not relieve the patient due to the development of other symptoms. There are pain in the lower back, nausea and vomiting, common signs of intoxication, sometimes impaired vision.
Oligouric stage begins to develop gradually from the fourth day of manifestation of the disease. It is marked by acute renal failure, in which the normal functions of the kidneys are disrupted and the amount of urine released decreases.
This leads to the accumulation of toxic substances in the body. In addition, there are puffiness of the face, bleeding from the nose and gums, possible vomiting and severe pain in the lower back. This is the most dangerous and difficult stage of the disease. Without proper treatment, a person can die because of numerous complications.
Normalization of the condition occurs in 2-3 weeks, which marks the beginning of the polyuric period. It is characterized by a sharp increase in the amount of urine released, which provokes frequent urination. The work of the gastrointestinal tract is normalized and appetite returns. Weakness is gradually replaced by a normal healthy state.
Also read the symptoms of Ebola in adults.
Treatment of murine fever is an urgent hospitalization in the infectious disease department of the hospital. Patient set strict bed rest. The general scheme or plan of treatment of a mouse fever at adults does not exist. For each individual case, individual therapy is selected, taking into account the features of the course of the disease, its stage of development, complications and age of the patient.
In general, the use of detoxification therapy is adequate. In addition, measures are being taken to normalize the human condition, restore the water-salt balance, prevent and treat complications. Various antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antiviral agents are used.
Particular attention is paid to the work of the kidneys. The introduction of any liquids proceeds according to the principle of "it is better to undercharge than to pour", that is, the amount of injected liquid is actively monitored. In the event that drug therapy does not help restore normal kidney function, then extracorporeal hemodialysis is used.
For a patient, diet # 4 is necessary if the disease is without complications, and diet No. 1 in the opposite case.
There are no measures that completely avoid the infection of murine fever. The most effective way is to protect food and water from rodents with closed containers.
In addition, contact with rodents should be avoided. For rural residents it is recommended to regularly carry out deratization. Such measures will reduce the risk of infection to a minimum.
The carriers of the causative agent are rodents - field mice, rats, bats, but the red vole is recognized as the main carrier. A person can catch airborne dust.
Particular danger, where the risk of infection is extremely high, are wooded areas.
In the risk zone are rural residents, foresters, mushroom pickers, fishermen and lovers of outdoor recreation. It is worth noting that the disease is not transmitted from person to person.
Causes - How is the murine fever transmitted
As already mentioned, the most favorable for the development of the virus are wooded areas, especially spruce-lime forests.
Rodents are asymptomatic vectors, therefore it is not possible to identify an infected animal by eye. To get infected, a person has enough of a small number of pathogens.
There are several ways of transmission of the disease:
- airborne, in which a person inhales contaminated dust;
- contact type, in which a person comes in contact with a contaminated object or directly with the carrier;
- is an alimentary route in which a person consumes contaminated food or water.
Then there is a focal spread of the disease through, for example, contaminated fresh water from a single source.
Symptoms of murine fever
After infection, an adult usually does not feel any symptoms for the next two to three weeks.
In some cases, the incubation period of may last more than a month. But with the appearance of specific signs, the disease passes into the initial period of development.
The initial stage lasts about 10 days. He is characterized by high fever, chills, headache, weakness. The disease continues to develop. A few days later, a decrease in temperature is possible, but more often it does not relieve the patient due to the development of other symptoms. There are pain in the lower back, nausea and vomiting, common signs of intoxication, sometimes impaired vision.
Oligouric stage begins to develop gradually from the fourth day of manifestation of the disease. It is marked by acute renal failure, in which the normal functions of the kidneys are disrupted and the amount of urine released decreases.
This leads to the accumulation of toxic substances in the body. In addition, there are puffiness of the face, bleeding from the nose and gums, possible vomiting and severe pain in the lower back. This is the most dangerous and difficult stage of the disease. Without proper treatment, a person can die because of numerous complications.
Normalization of the condition occurs in 2-3 weeks, which marks the beginning of the polyuric period. It is characterized by a sharp increase in the amount of urine released, which provokes frequent urination. The work of the gastrointestinal tract is normalized and appetite returns. Weakness is gradually replaced by a normal healthy state.
Also read the symptoms of Ebola in adults.
Treatment of murine fever
Treatment of murine fever is an urgent hospitalization in the infectious disease department of the hospital. Patient set strict bed rest. The general scheme or plan of treatment of a mouse fever at adults does not exist. For each individual case, individual therapy is selected, taking into account the features of the course of the disease, its stage of development, complications and age of the patient.
In general, the use of detoxification therapy is adequate. In addition, measures are being taken to normalize the human condition, restore the water-salt balance, prevent and treat complications. Various antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antiviral agents are used.
Particular attention is paid to the work of the kidneys. The introduction of any liquids proceeds according to the principle of "it is better to undercharge than to pour", that is, the amount of injected liquid is actively monitored. In the event that drug therapy does not help restore normal kidney function, then extracorporeal hemodialysis is used.
For a patient, diet # 4 is necessary if the disease is without complications, and diet No. 1 in the opposite case.
Prevention of
There are no measures that completely avoid the infection of murine fever. The most effective way is to protect food and water from rodents with closed containers.
In addition, contact with rodents should be avoided. For rural residents it is recommended to regularly carry out deratization. Such measures will reduce the risk of infection to a minimum.