Echinococcosis of the liver - the main methods of treatment and the rules of the operation

Echinococcosis of the liver in man is provoked by the formation and vital activity in the organ of tapeworms of a special kind.

Causes of the disease

When a person develops liver echinococcosis, it is important to remember that the final owner of the tapeworm is a dog that becomes infected with the disease due to eating meat wastes. In addition, the source of infection of animals can become products after hunting - the affected organs and dead bodies of dead wild animals.

Echinococcus a liver affects a person usually due to a dirty onion. Infection can occur after contact with a dog that has a cluster of bacteria on the coat and tongue. The animal also becomes a mechanical transmitter of eggs of microbes.

Sometimes a person can become infected with echinococcus due to the consumption of fruits or vegetables that have not been processed and unwashed. For fruit and vegetables, the pathogen penetrates with the feces of dogs.

Wild carnivores can also be a source of infection pathology. Infection is transmitted during hunting or when cutting skins and making fur garments. Also, the infection occurs when you consume forest berries or water from infected water bodies.

At risk people are people working on sheep breeding farms and people directly in contact with people of such professions - usually their relatives and friends.

Symptoms of the formation and progression of the disease

There are two main forms of the disease - cystic and alveolar. The cystic form is a lesion on the cystic or larval steel of the life of a tapeworm. For a long time, sometimes for several years, since the fact of defeat, the symptoms of pathology do not appear, and the person feels healthy.

Clinical progression of the disease begins only after the growth of the worm to a large size. At the same time, aching, dull fighting sensations develop in the hypochondrium from the right side, on the right in the lower part of the thorax. When performing an examination with a large cyst size, the bulging of the anterior wall of the abdominal cavity begins from the right hypochondrium.

Deterioration of health, accompanied by allergic reactions in the body to the development of a living parasite, manifests itself with urticaria, diarrhea, and the like. Symptoms of lesions can change after squeezing nearby organs with large cysts.

The most common complications of the disease are jaundice, suppuration and ruptures of hydatid cysts. The mechanical form of jaundice is correlated with a strong squeezing through the cyst of the main bile ducts, the breakthrough of the cyst into the bile ducts - occurring in 5 to 10% of patients. Ascites develop very rarely - only 5-7% of cases when the portal vein is squeezed.

A cyst breakthrough can occur simultaneously with the outflow of contents into the formed abdominal cavity, namely into the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. In the bile ducts into the bronchi or into the pleural cavity. The most dangerous complications are cyst perforation into the free abdominal cavity - this condition is accompanied by anaphylactic shock and widespread peritonitis. Perforation of the cyst into the free cavity of the peritoneum significantly worsens the prognosis of the course and treatment of the disease due to dissemination of the processes.

How to treat and eliminate parasites

The best way to treat the disease is echinococoectomy. A complete operation involving the removal of a cystic neoplasm without additional opening of its lumens is realized in rare cases - as a rule, when the cyst is located with the edge or with its small size.

The most common treatment for liver echinococcosis is the removal of the cyst already with the germinal and chitinous membranes after the cystic cavity has been punctured, aspiration of its contents and subsequent treatment of this cystic cavity with various antiparasitic antiseptic agents. This approach helps to prevent the field of cyst rupture, and hence the spread of embryos in the body of echinococcus.

Deaths after surgery in the absence of complications of the disease do not exceed 1 - 2%, increasing by 10 - 15 times in the presence of complications. If the surgical operation was carried out adequately and according to all established rules, then the patient subsequently quickly enough recovered. Immunity to this disease is absent, therefore it is important for all people and after the operation to explain the measures of prevention of repeated infection. First of all, it is observance of the rules and norms of personal hygiene of people that are familiar to everyone.

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