Prevention of diseases and pest damage
The main principle of preventive work with plants is the understanding that a strong plant is a healthy plant, and disease is often easier to prevent than treat. Prevention begins already with selecting varieties of plants resistant to diseases and pests, which significantly reduces the need for using any protective equipment. Varieties with increased immunity exist in virtually all types of vegetable and fruit crops, mention of this feature is necessarily contained in the description of a particular variety.
The correct planting site selection for plants can also serve as a preventive measure, since their health indirectly depends on them. The place should be sufficiently ventilated, because in the absence of ventilation and movement of air masses, air stagnation arises, which greatly increases the danger of the spread of fungal diseases.
In addition, depending on the requests of different cultures, their requirements for solar illumination must be met, since a shady raw place andlack of ultraviolet radiation also often cause the active multiplication of pests, the occurrence and spread of diseases.
Creation of favorable conditions for the full growth and development of the plant is one of the basic measures for disease prevention, because a strong strong plant is much less affected by diseases and pests and is often able to cope with the disease at the expense of its internal resources. First of all, by creating the conditions for the growth of a healthy plant, it means a balanced supply of nutrients by the necessary . If the plant lacks at least one of the vital elements, it causes certain disorders in the cycle of its development, which significantly reduces the power plant and makes it vulnerable to diseases and pests. Therefore, it is necessary to regularly make compost and other organic components to improve soil structure, fertilize plants and conduct timely soil analysis to identify possible adverse . I plant indicators. The regular and balanced also plays an important in in creating conditions for plant growth.correctness of irrigation depends on the degree of consumption of nutrients by plants. The result of inadequate watering is a delay in the growth of the plant, which is forced to waste energy, and the impossibility of obtaining nutrients, with excess watering, the nutrients are washed out by and from the soil and become inaccessible to plants.
nebhodimo withstand distance between plants, avoid thickening landings
great importance for the prevention of diseases and pests have rotation crop rotation and during the season. Observance of crop rotation for several years contributes to a significant reduction in the degree of plant damage by pests. Many pests attack crops that belong to the same species. For example, cabbage and redkovaya flies can be harmful to both plants, so can not be planted on a place of one kind of series, such as radish after the cabbage, radish, or vice versa. If you do not take into account the necessary consistent crop change, for generations of cabbage and radish fly, an earthen flea and a cabbage butterfly, this will be an excellent condition for the further development and expansion of the colony. A number of pests and pathogens of various diseases, for example cabbage gernia, live in the ground on a certain site for many years. Therefore, the culture can be planted in the same place no earlier than in 3-5 years.
The creation of mixed planting crops is a sufficiently effective and promising means of disease prevention and pest control. In the wild in the same area grow different types of plants, which helps to attract to these plantings a large number of various insects. Thus, the biological equilibrium between beneficial and harmful organisms is established, and the effect of the latter on plants is significantly weakened. With the mass cultivation of any monoculture over a large area, the probability of the accumulation of pests of a given crop on the landing site, which can sometimes cause serious damage to the crop, is significantly increased. In such a situation, the use of chemical plant protection products becomes inevitable. Mixed plantings in comparison with monoculture have a much higher resistance to pests, as the variety of crops attracts numerous types of insects. As a result, a natural balance of forces is created, and some harmful organisms are destroyed by useful insects that feed on them. In addition, mixed cultures spatially limit the habitat of individual harmful insects and pathogens specializing in
| Pest | Repellent plant |
| Butterfly-cabbage( caterpillars) | Dill, geranium, garlic, mint, nasturtium, hyssop, onion, wormwood, wormwood, |
| blackberry, tansy, sage, thyme | |
| Whitefly | Nasturtium, bitter wormwood, blackberry, mint, thyme |
| Brazier five-dot | Dill, basil, cucumber grass |
| Ground mushrooms | Mint, rue, cosheep, blackberry, tobacco, wormwood |
| Cabbage whiting | Mint, blackberry, sage, tomatoes, celery, wormwood |
| Colorado beetle | Tansy, calendula, nasturtium, marigold, vegetable beans, cat, |
| coriander, onion, horseradish,white asd | |
| Ants | Wormwood bitter, mint, tansy, lavender |
| Cabbage fly( larvae) | Marigolds, sage, wormwood, garlic, radish, fennel |
| Carrot fly( larvae) | Onion, leek, rosemary, bitter wormwood, sage |
| Nematodes | Calendula, marigolds, nasturtium, garlic |
| Slugs | Garlic, cucumber grass, parsley, nasturtium |
| Aphids | All strong-smelling aromatic plants, fennel, nasturtium, mint, |
| coriander, mustard, caterpillar, chives, garlic, marigold, fennel, | |
| wormwood, geranium | |
| Snails | Garlic, fennel, rosemary, fennel |
| Apple mullet | Garlic, wormwood |
a certain family of plants. Therefore, planting different crops on your garden plot, it makes sense to pick them up successful neighbors, who by their presence will have a protective effect. Especially well proved in this role are various spicy aromatic plants and some medicinal herbs that possess natural natural immunity to a number of common diseases.
However, it should be borne in mind that the result of the protective action of plants in mixed plantings will never be the complete disappearance of pests, one can only expect a decrease in their numbers.
A cabbage butterfly lays eggs on plants in cruciferous plantations, especially on cabbage. Emerging caterpillars are incredibly voracious and capable of causing serious damage to the extensive planting of cabbage, they eat up the young leaves of the plant even at the stage of the
formed head. This greatly weakens the plant, the heads are badly tied, which greatly reduces the yield.
Repellent Plants. A special role in planting neighbors is played by plants that can smell or frighten harmful insects with their scent. Such plants are called repellents, that is, repellent. Most insects, including harmful ones, find their host plant by smell. So, for example, cabbage scoop, earthen fleas and mites find cabbage solely due to the smell it produces. So it is with the rest of the cultures. Therefore, if you plant next to any culture of spicy aromatic plants or herbs, they will smell their scent of the aroma of tasty for pests of plants, making it difficult to search for them, or to scare off harmful insects. It is by their aromatic effect on pests that the plants repellent protect the crops.
The observance of rules of plant hygiene is of great importance for the prevention of plant diseases in the garden. It's no secret that a person can become a carrier of viral and fungal diseases in the garden. This can occur as a result of the use of contaminated tools, which are not cleaned in a timely manner from the site or fallen into the compost of affected plants and their parts, the infected planting material may also become a carrier of the disease. To avoid such situations, it is necessary to observe a number of simple, but nevertheless very effective hygiene measures:
You should purchase a proven planting material only in specialized stores and nurseries that guarantee its quality. Buying plants off the road with hands is dangerous, because one sick plant can
The importance of mixed plantings to prevent the spread of pests and diseases
In mixed plantings, the widespread spread of pests is hampered by the diversity of plant species, as this makes it difficult for a number of harmful insects to search for the host plant.8 Monoculture, this deterrent is absent. There, the spread of pests and pathogens proceeds according to the epidemic principle from one plant to another, covering the entire number of plants.
In mixed plantings, rows of plants from different families create natural barriers to the spread of pests and diseases specific for each of them.
Many cultures, such as spicy aromatic plants, a number of vegetable crops have a repellent scent that different groups of pests are afraid of, so if successful combination they can scare them away from their neighbors in the garden.
With mixed plantings, it is possible to grow the same crops for several seasons in the same place, which is practically impossible with monoculture due to the accumulation of pests and pathogens in the soil.
is an example from the south, because they can become a source of destruction of oleander cancers.
Damaged areas and wounds on plants must be immediately disinfected and treated, as the infection can penetrate into the wound or the infection may get caught there and the plant will become a hotbed of infection for the garden.
All plants in the garden should be inspected regularly to identify possible damage by diseases and pests in time and take the necessary measures that will prevent the epidemic.
The instrument should be thoroughly disinfected to avoid possible infection in the garden. Especially careful should be when pruning trees and shrubs. When moving from one tree or shrub to another, the tool must be changed or completely disinfected. When dividing rhizomes and tubers of various ornamental plants, care should also be taken, as one infected tuber can cause damage to all plants.
An important precaution is not cutting, but breaking out the stepchildren of tomatoes without the use of tools. Do this in a timely manner, trying not to hurt or injure other stepsons or the plant itself. Justified, this precautionary measure is also the case with the cutting of gladioli. Experienced gardeners recommend not to cut, but break out the peduncles or use for each plant a separate knife or blade.
In the afternoon, hiding from the sun, slugs.often crammed between, / dense A juicy / h leaves) "g. cabbage,{ and at night, from when the air \%.becomes cooler, they creep out and feed, causing serious damage to plants.
In addition to cabbage slugs are damaged salad and leafy vegetables, rutabag, turnip, pepper, parsley, carrots, cucumbers, strawberry berries, legumes. The slug population becomes particularly plentiful in the years with the cool, wet summer