The device of the dental office
Dental care for can be provided to the population in dental clinics, dental offices of general polyclinics, private dental clinics, mobile dental offices. In these institutions, patients receive therapeutic, orthopedic, orthodontic, surgical care, and measures are taken to prevent dental diseases.
There are certain requirements for the organization and installation of dental clinics and offices. The most favorable is the placement of a dental clinic in a separate building. At the same time, it is possible to place a dental clinic in a residential building, in polyclinics, general hospitals, in sanatoria, preschool institutions, schools. Dental clinics that accept children and adults must have their own entrance, wardrobe, waiting room for a dentist.
Medical staff of dental clinics: dentists, dental technicians, dentist assistants, nurses( one nurse for three dentists), junior medical staff( registrars, nurses).
The stomatologic polyclinic has in its composition medical rooms, dental laboratory, X-ray room, an administrative-household premise for personnel, a reception room, a waiting room for patients, ancillary rooms, a sterilization room.
In dental offices there is a special dental equipment: dental units, dental chairs. A dental unit means a set of specialized equipment that is used to perform a number of manipulations on a dental appointment. There are dental units attached to the floor of the cabinet in a certain place, as well as portable ones that can be moved;installation for the work of only one doctor or for the work of a doctor and his assistant. The dental unit contains a console for the doctor and his assistant, a pedal for the doctor, a spittoon, an artificial light, a connection unit, a compressor, a vacuum suction system. A dental chair is a device in which the patient is placed during various dental manipulations. It is possible to change the height of the dental chair( from 35 to 48 cm), the position of the backrest and headrest with the help of a keypad, a foot pedal or a special console. The minimum lifting capacity of the chair should be 150 kg. The panel of the doctor in its composition has keys for controlling the dental chair, speed of rotation of instruments, air pressure;negatoscope for viewing X-rays;holder-holders for dental tips, air-water pistol. The assistant's console contains a saliva ejector, a vacuum cleaner, an air-to-water gun, and a lamp for light curing materials. The pedal of the doctor's control can include elements that move the dental chair, activate dental handpieces, switch on and off their lights, etc.
The spittoon is the element of the sewage system of the dental office .The artificial light lamp is used to illuminate the working field during the operation of a dentist.
In addition, there is ancillary equipment, which includes chairs for the doctor and assistant, a fume hood, an amalgam mixer, work furniture. The chairs for the doctor and the assistant can be adjusted in height, rotated around its axis, it is easy to move around the floor due to the wheels on which it is installed. In its composition, the chairs also have armrests, a foot rest, which facilitates the work of a dentist.
To bring the dental unit into working condition, to ensure the operation of the tips, it is necessary to have a compressor. The compressor should be located outside the treatment room.
The working furniture of the dental office is a dental hand wash basin, a table and storage cabinets, a table, a refrigerator for storing some materials, a table or a cabinet for sterile instruments.
The device of the dental office is determined by a number of normative documents.
1. The area of the dental office should not be less than 14 m2 with one dental chair in it. For each additional dental chair is provided for 10 m2.
2. Dental chairs in the office should be no more than three.
3. The height of the room must be at least 3.3 m.
4. The maximum depth should not exceed 6 m.
5. Dental chairs should be placed one row so that they face the natural light source.
6. The walls of the dental office should be painted with light colors( light gray, lime, ocher, etc.).The reflection coefficient should be at least 40%.The paint should contain sulfur compounds, which provide, to some extent, neutralization of mercury vapor. Walls should have a smooth surface, do not contain cracks, irregularities, cracks.
7. The floor should be covered with linoleum, which covers 5-10 cm of the lower part of the walls. In a floor covering also there should be no cracks, cracks and roughnesses.
8. Doors, windows, walls, floors must be smooth, easy to clean. The areas of transition of the ceiling, walls, floors to each other should have a rounded shape in order to avoid a delay in these places of dust and facilitate the cleaning of the room.
9. Doors and windows should be painted white, in order to increase the level of total illumination of the dental office.
10. Windows in the dental office should be oriented to the north, north-east, north-west. Thus, direct sunlight does not enter the room, no significant fluctuations in illumination occur, and the load on the vision organs of the personnel is reduced.
11. In every dental office and in all ancillary facilities it is necessary to ensure the availability of artificial light sources. Sources of artificial lighting located on the ceilings should be equipped with diffusers in order to distribute light uniformly within the cabinet. Dental units should be equipped with fluorescent lights to illuminate the working field. Illumination of the working field with these lamps can be adjusted from 8 to 28 thousand lux.
12. Indicators of total illumination should be at least 5 thousand lux.
13. A central heating system should be installed in the dental clinic. Radiators should have a smooth surface, which facilitates the cleaning process.
14. A ventilation system must be installed in the dental office. Obligatory is the presence of general exchange of supply and exhaust ventilation( the rate of air exchange should be 3 times per hour for the extract and 2 times per hour for the inflow).The natural ventilation system should be represented by windows, exhaust hoods, etc. Air conditioners may be used.
15. The dental office should be equipped with a centralized water supply system.
16. Compressors of dental units should be installed not in the dental office, but outside of it, in the auxiliary room of the dental clinic.
17. If there are several special rooms in the surgical dentistry clinic in the structure of the outpatient clinic:
• a place where patients will wait for admission;
• preoperative - provides a room where doctors are trained for the operation;
• operating room for ambulatory operations, minimum area 14 m2 per dental chair, with each additional chair additionally installed - no less than 7 m2.