Basic rules for the transportation of patients
Depending on the severity of the condition and type of injury or sickness, patients are transported to the ambulance and from the machine to the admission department:
1) on foot;
2) on crutches, with support;
3) on the hands;
4) on stretchers.
In ambulances, patients are transported lying on a stretcher with a raised head or foot end( depending on the diagnosis) or sitting. Children are transported on their hands. The paramedic should in all cases be in the salon next to the patient and monitor his condition, if necessary - to help. Allowed at the discretion of a paramedic accompanying the patient with a relative or acquaintances. Children, as a rule, are transported accompanied by their parents.
On foot, and in the car, patients are transported patients with moderate somatic diseases, with injuries of the upper limbs, with surgical diseases that do not require hospitalization on stretchers. If there is dizziness and( or) a long time of transportation, such patients in the car should be laid on a stretcher.
Crutches with support can transport patients with shin injuries and moans( after transport immobilization) in case of minor injuries.
Children are transported on their hands as well as adults if they can not use stretchers.
All patients are transported to the unconscious in a stretcher, in shock, seriously ill, with cerebral circulation disorder, with acute myocardial infarction, all parturient women, pregnant women with complications of pregnancy( eclampsia, threat of interruption, etc.), with hip injuries( fracture,extensive wounds), with severe or moderate severity of surgical or gynecological diseases, with diseases of the abdominal cavity, with craniocerebral injuries, with combined lesions, with spinal trauma.
Technique for carrying on stretchers
If possible, a blanket or a durable coverlet should be laid on the stretcher beforehand so that one half of it( along) covers the stretcher and the other lies next to it. After laying on the patient's stretcher, he is covered with this half. In the future, to remove the patient from the stretcher is more convenient, holding on to the edges of the veil. If the patient can not move himself to the stretcher, they put them with the foot end to the head, the three raise the patient and transfer him to a stretcher. In the cold season it is necessary to put on a sick hat, wrap your feet. Do not also forget about the need for additional warming of patients who are in a state of shock.
On the stairs, the patient is lowered with his feet forward, and lift his head forward. Exception - acute blood loss, very low blood pressure. In this case, they do the opposite.
If you can not carry a stretcher in an apartment or on a ladder, the patient is transferred to the blanket. In extreme cases, if this is impossible for some reason, the stretcher is installed at the entrance, and the patient is lowered in his arms, in the elevator - on a stool or chair, which must be put there in advance.
Patients who are in an unconscious state, because of the threat of aspiration of vomit and tongue twister, are transported in a stable lateral position. The head is bent backwards. It is advisable to put the patient on the right side, since there are less violations of blood circulation and respiration( unless the right half of the thorax is damaged).
To transport patients with spinal injuries should be on the back, on a rigid shield. In his absence - on the usual semi-soft stretcher on the abdomen. If the cervical spine is damaged - always on the back, after immobilization. It is forbidden to lay patients with a spinal injury on their side.
It is forbidden to lay patients in the state of pulmonary edema during the attack of bronchial, cardiac asthma and respiratory failure caused by other causes. They should be transported in a sitting position, the children should be held vertically.
After transporting an infectious patient, the ambulance is disinfected. The staff must change their dressing gowns. More than one infectious patient can be transported only if they suffer from the same infectious disease, taking into account the degree of infectiousness in different periods of the disease.
Transportation of extremely serious patients is allowed only by resuscitation teams. Before transportation it is necessary to conduct a complex of medical measures aimed at stabilizing the condition.