Personal hygiene
Personal hygiene is a broad concept that includes the implementation of rules that contribute to the preservation and strengthening of human health. Primordial is the observance of the purity of the body. Within a week, the sebaceous glands of the human skin secrete about 200 g of sebum, and sweat glands - from 3 to 7 liters of sweat. Therefore, the skin needs to be washed on time and regularly, otherwise its protective properties and the ratio of microorganisms that normally inhabit our skin are violated;conditions are created for the reproduction of foreign microbes, parasitic fungi.
Open areas of the body are particularly susceptible to contamination. The conducted studies show that when applied to clean, pre-washed hand skin of bacterial cultures, their amount decreases by 85% after 10 minutes. Clean human skin has bactericidal properties and is capable of killing microorganisms. Dirty skin in many ways loses these properties. Especially a lot of bacteria and harmful microorganisms are found under the nails, so systematic and proper nail care is very important. The nails should be short-cut, clean.
The main means for cleaning the skin are soap and water. The skin needs to be washed with toilet soap, it is better to use soft water. Skin can be dry, oily or normal. Everyone should know the features of their skin and take this into account when caring for it. It is advisable to take a shower every day( after work or before bedtime).The water temperature should not exceed 37-38 ° C.To wash in a bath or in a bath with soap and scouring is necessary at least once a week. After washing, you must change your underwear, otherwise you will again contaminate the skin. When washing, especially with a washcloth, the skin is massaged, which improves its blood supply and overall well-being of the person.
Legs should be washed daily with soap and cool water. With excessive sweating, cold water reduces the separation of sweat. It is necessary to carefully monitor the integrity of the skin of the legs. Wiping or abrasions on the legs can easily cause fungal or pustular diseases. When corns appear, they must be appropriately removed.
Hair is best washed in soft water;if the water is hard, then you should add a borax or baking soda( 1 teaspoon per 5 liters of water) to it. Oily hair should be washed once a week, dry and normal - 1 time in 10 days. The most favorable for washing hair is water temperature 50-55 ° C. Do not soap your hair with a piece of soap that hurts them. To do this, it is better to prepare soap foam. To preserve the color of hair, giving them shine and elasticity after washing, you can rinse them with a strong infusion of chamomile, and dark hair - water containing table vinegar( 1 tablespoon per 1 liter of water).
Do not wash your hair with alkaline soap and household soap. Dry hair is best washed with soap( spermaceous, lanolin, cosmetic).You can use the egg yolk, separating it from protein and whipping in warm water, prepared for washing. To increase the fat content, dry hair for a few hours before washing can be lubricated with warmed vegetable oil. To wash hair, rye bread is used: 100-150 g of stale rye bread is finely chopped and poured with steep boiling water, which is formed by the cereal wash head. Oily hair can be washed with any toilet soap.2-3 hours before washing oily hair, rub aloe, carrot, onion or carmazine, and biochrone well into the scalp. Dry your hair, gently wiping them with a towel. Use for this purpose a hair dryer is inadvisable, as this leads to excessive overdrying.
Another important aspect of personal hygiene is oral care. The maintenance in cleanliness of a teeth not only promotes preservation of their integrity, but also warns many diseases of internal bodies. Brush your teeth every morning, and rinse your mouth after every meal. If you get bad breath, you should consult your doctor. For the timely detection of dental caries, scaling and gum treatment, you should visit the dentist at least twice a year.
Personal hygiene includes compliance with the cleanliness of underwear, work clothes, daily changing of socks( stockings), especially with excessive sweating. Preservation of cleanliness of a body and clothes is inconceivable without cleanliness in living rooms, in kitchen and in industrial premises. It is desirable for each member of the Family to have a separate bed, a towel;Change of bed linen should be timed to visit the bath. It is recommended to change the daytime underwear for nightclothes( pajamas) before going to bed.
All these hygiene measures, which are necessary on a daily basis, take on special significance in cases when someone gets sick in the family, as non-observance of hygienic requirements can adversely affect the health and ability to work of the persons surrounding the patient, especially children.
Women's hygiene. To adolescence, a girl should already have a complete understanding of the rules of general hygiene and acquire the skills of caring for herself. The girl should be prepared for the appearance of menstruation. In the absence of such preparation, the appearance of menstruation in nervously excitable girls can cause a mental trauma. During menstruation, the sexual organs become more susceptible to infection due to a certain decrease in the defenses of the body. Therefore, on such days it is especially important to maintain the purity of the body and linen. In the normal course of menstruation, one should not change occupations and lifestyle. Physical education is allowed, but one should refrain from heavy physical exercises.
It is important to beware of cooling the body, especially the legs and lower abdomen. To wash is better under a shower. You can take a bath, but the water should not be too hot. At least 2 times a day, you should wash your external genitals with warm boiled water and soap, after thoroughly washing your hands. First, the external genitalia is washed, then - the skin of the hips and, lastly, the area of the anus. At menstruation it is recommended to use special hygienic packages.
The basis of hygiene of an adult woman is the same rules. With the onset of sexual activity, the role of hygiene measures increases. It is necessary to refrain from sexual contact during menstruation, so that the pathogens do not get into the genital tract and there is no bleeding;for the same reason, vaginal douches are prohibited during this period.
It is recommended to visit the gynecologist regularly, 2 times a year, and if even minor discharge from the genitals appears, you should immediately see a doctor.
Men's hygiene.
The boy should be aware of the possibility of involuntary ejaculation( pollutions);he needs to explain that these are normal manifestations of puberty.
The sex organs of the boy and the man should be kept clean. They should be washed daily with warm water and soap;It is necessary to disclose the preputial bag, i.e.to move the foreskin from the head of the penis and wash off the accumulating fat-like substance there. Sometimes the foreskin is narrow and does not allow exposing the head, in such cases it is necessary to consult a urologist. After a wetting or sexual intercourse, it is also recommended to wash the genitals with warm water.
In the elderly, people of both sexes adhere to personal hygiene rules is of particular importance. General hygiene measures, rational nutrition, active recreation, physical education stimulate the compensatory processes of the aging organism, and resistance to diseases increases. It is always necessary to seek advice from a doctor, since physical activity and diet should correspond to age and health.