What is hypertension 1 and 2 degrees: causes, treatment and consequences

Nowadays, more and more people are faced with such a problem as increased blood pressure. Hypertension becomes mass, according to various estimates, about 25-40% of people suffer from this disease, with a large half of people of middle and old age.

How to recognize hypertension

Hypertension is a disease characterized by high blood pressure. In a person who does not suffer from hypertension, the normal pressure is approximately 120/80 mmHg, taking into account minor deviations.

Some people have their own mark of healthy pressure: decreased from 100/65 to 100/75 and increased from 135/100 to 145/110, but it should be remembered that for the most part of people such indicators are already pathological. The first number in the indicator is the upper pressure( or systolic), which corresponds to the force of contraction of the walls of the heart. The second number shows the lower( or diastolic) pressure that occurs when the heart relaxes.


Only the physician determines arterial hypertension using special rules. The first: to measure arterial pressure it is necessary only in a state of complete rest;the second: before measurement it is impossible to eat, drink coffee, tea and spirits, exercise.

First and second degree of hypertension

• The first degree of hypertension is the initial one. The pressure here does not exceed 140/158 at 90/97, and it rises abruptly and periodically, without any obvious reasons. After that, the pressure suddenly can be normalized. There is a headache, dizziness, a sense of "flies" before your eyes, sometimes there is a noise in your ears.
  
• The second degree is moderate. The pressure does not exceed 160/178 per 100/108.In the second stage, the increased pressure will last longer and will not return to normal by itself. In this case, drugs are being used. There is also a risk of heart, brain or kidney damage. Symptoms: increased fatigue, memory problems, headaches, heart palpitations.

Often on Internet resources you can find the concept of "hypertension", it is often identified with hypertension. But do not confuse these phenomena. There is a difference between them. Hypertension is a syndrome in which high blood pressure is recorded. Hypertension often manifests itself in hypertension and is its symptom. Hypertension is a disease that is chronic.

Causes of the appearance of hypertension

This disease can not arise from scratch, it is always preceded by a number of reasons. This includes:

1. Stress is a very common cause of hypertension, becausewith stress in the body produces a large amount of adrenaline. And if a person is constantly in a stressful state, this leads to the development of the disease. In addition, increased emotional sensitivity, depressive states, disturbances, recently experienced losses also belong to this category.
   
2. Hereditary factor. If your close relatives have a predisposition to increased blood pressure, the risk of developing hypertension is increased.
   
3. Bad habits. Smoking, alcohol and abuse of fatty foods have a strong negative effect on the cardiovascular system. In addition, fatty foods lead to a set of extra pounds or even obesity, and this is another reason for hypertension. Also here can be attributed excessive consumption of coffee or salt and salty foods.
   
4. Post-traumatic injuries, associated with damage to the brain( shocks, bruises, hypothermia).
   
5. Diseases of a viral or infectious nature, which may affect the cardiovascular system. This is sinusitis, meningitis, frontal and others.
   
6. Vessel changes, appear with age.
   
7. With an increased level of cholesterol , hypertension and, as a consequence, hypertension can occur. This phenomenon is due to the fact that on the walls of the vessels plaques are formed, which disrupt the blood supply and directly affect the cardiovascular system.
   
8. In women in menopause. As certain changes and adaptations take place in the body, hidden diseases sometimes come to the fore. On their background, sometimes arterial hypertension is manifested. Occur often after 40 years.
   
9. The hypodynamia, which the of which in most cases affects people in old age. Also, a sedentary lifestyle is led by people working at the computer, sometimes pregnant in the third trimester. Rare walks and lack of fresh air can lead to increased blood pressure.

How is it treated?

At increased pressure( especially in severe "off-scale cases") it is necessary, first of all, to go to the ambulance. But since sometimes the "coach" the ambulance has to wait a considerable amount of time, you need to be able to remove the crisis yourself. This is done in two of the following ways:

1. Use of dibazol. It will be enough 0,02 g, we wash down with water. For the reaction to go faster, the tablet can be crumbled and placed under the tongue.
   
2. Clopheline. It needs a little less - 0.075 mg.

Doctors will help to remove the complication with the help of injections, and also recommend treatment. Usually, to permanent and most effective drugs for hypertensive patients include enalapril, ednit and others. But even knowing which pills are taken with hypertension, you can not independently prescribe the treatment. For this, it is necessary to have an examination in the hospital and to know the exact analysis. In addition, the market of drugs is constantly replenished with new more effective medicines. You can only prescribe something that is suitable for you individually, only a doctor.



In case of severe forms of hypertension, it is allowed to use panangin, asparcam or other drugs with similar properties in moderate doses. With the help of them you can calm the nervous system. In addition, these drugs have a mild diuretic effect.

The best cure for hypertension is prevention. With her help, you can prevent the development of hypertension or weaken the existing disease:

• We behave in our hands. Try to protect yourself from nervous shocks, stresses. More relax, rest, do not strain your nerves with constant thoughts about the unpleasant. You can enroll in yoga classes or spend time on walks with your family.
  
• We normalize the diet. We add more vegetables, fruits, nuts. Reduce the amount of consumed fatty, spicy or salty foods. This action will help to remove excess weight, which means, will save you from another possible cause of hypertension.
  
• Get rid of bad habits. It's time to forget about cigarettes and excessive amounts of alcohol once and for all. Especially this applies to those who already observe the prerequisites for hypertension.

Consequences of hypertension

• Stroke. People with hypertension are more likely than others to be exposed to blood outflows to the brain. After a stroke a person can not always get out of bed, and in some cases becomes disabled, loses speech function.
  
• Heart Attack. A dangerous phenomenon, the lethal outcome of which in 40% of cases. This is usually due to late delivery of medical care.
  
• Visual impairment. Hypertension can cause negative changes in the blood vessels of the eyes. Sometimes this can lead to even a retinal hemorrhage and a complete loss of vision.
  
• Problems with memory. Hypertension with experience often experience memory impairment: phone numbers, addresses and even names may fly out of the head.
  
• Disturbance of kidney function. In this case, the body is poisoned by toxic substances.
  
• Heart failure. Most often develops either because of atherosclerosis, or because of hypertension. The following symptoms are noted: shortness of breath, swelling.
  
• Bleeding from the nose. Not dangerous for life, but extremely unpleasant phenomenon.
  
• Chronic headaches or sudden dizziness. Adhere to all people who suffer from hypertension.
  
• In addition, high blood pressure provokes sleep deficiency of .The best prevention of this is a constant stable sleep of at least 6-7 hours.

Doctors speak about arterial hypertension, video

So, hypertension is a very dangerous and insidious disease, which can not be immediately identified. To date, it is known that hypertension is not completely cured. However, it can be controlled with drugs and a healthy lifestyle, thereby reducing the risk of stroke, heart attack and other serious consequences.