What is the norm of insulin in the blood and how to measure it?

What is a substance called insulin? It is a hormone that is so important for the normal nutrition and functioning of the body cells. It is a transporter of glucose, amino acids and potassium. The action of this hormone is the regulation of the carbohydrate balance. After eating, there is an increase in the amount of insulin in the blood serum in response to the production of glucose.

Insulin is an indispensable hormone for the cellular nutrition of the body. With its help, there is transport of glucose, potassium and amino acids. The effect is maintenance and regulation of carbohydrate balance in the body. After eating, there is an increase in the level of this hormone in the blood in response to the production of glucose, there is a process of active absorption of sugar by cells. What is the level of insulin used for?

In the presence of diabetes, the effect of this substance is disrupted. This hormone ceases to be produced in sufficient quantities or cells of the body lose sensitivity. To determine the causes of violation of glucose tolerance, it is necessary to monitor the hormone in the blood serum - to conduct a blood test for insulin.

Analysis is necessary in order to identify the type of diabetes mellitus, as well as determine the correctness of the pancreas for the further administration of therapeutic treatment with medications. An empty stomach rises from 3 to 28 μU / ml on average. The norm of insulin in women during pregnancy is slightly increased and is 6-27 μU / ml.

How is it necessary to carry out the introduction of insulin-containing drugs?

The human body's requirement for this substance can be measured in carbohydrate units( UE).Dosage always depends on the type of medication that is being administered. It happens:

1. short( insulin chimulin P, aspart, humalog) - these drugs begin to act after 15 or 20 minutes, their effect lasts 3-5 hours;
2. long( monotard and insulin chemulin N) - these drugs begin to act gradually - after 3 hours, and the effect of them lasts 12-16 hours.

Administration of the drug in most cases is done in the morning and evening.

Before taking carbohydrate-rich foods, a short insulin injection is necessary. The calculation is based on the amount of carbohydrates consumed. But the most important indicator is, of course, sugar in the blood. In order to correctly choose the dose of insulin, the patient must acquire a special diary for the necessary records:

• Planned use of carbohydrates.
• Dose of injected short insulin.
• Blood sugar level( fasting).
• The normal ratio of carbohydrate units to insulin is 2 to 1.

In cases where the blood sugar level is high, additional injections of the drug with short insulin may be required. In other words, it is necessary to add to the morning dose of insulin, for example, at a blood sugar level of 10 mmol / l, 1 ED is needed, 11 mmol / l, 2 ED is desirable, and 3 ED at 12 mmol / L.

Norm of the hormone

Often patients ask the question - what is the norm of this substance necessary for a healthy person? When the blood test for insulin shows from 3 to 20 mcM, the person is healthy. The amount of insulin in the blood of small children is not high, but as the onset of puberty cells become not very sensitive to this hormone, and then the level in the blood becomes dependent on food.

Thus, as soon as the body receives food rich in carbohydrates( glucose), the serum level of insulin rises sharply. In this regard, all tests for blood levels should be performed exclusively on an empty stomach.

The level of this hormone in the blood is not only lower( in the case of type 1 and type 2 diabetes), but also elevated. This clinical picture is observed with specific pancreatic neoplasms( insulinomas and some forms of cancer of this organ).With such pathological changes, the number of cells producing insulin increases, pancreatic tissue thickens, resulting in much more hormone production.

Analysis in the blood makes it possible not only to detect any abnormality in the functioning of the pancreas, but also to establish precisely the type of diabetes mellitus or other similar disease. That is why this analysis is considered very important - it is mandatory for examining patients with any disorders of carbohydrate metabolism.