Rubella in adult symptoms
Rubella( Rubeola) is an acute infectious disease that occurs with a moderate increase in temperature, a characteristic exanthema, similar to measles, swollen lymph glands and the absence of severe intoxication.
Epidemiology. Pathogen is a virus characterized by high infectivity and instability in the external environment. The only source of infection is a sick person. It is dangerous to others, from the last 7 days of incubation to the period of blanching of the rash( 4-5th day from the beginning of the rash).Infection occurs, apparently, by airborne droplets. The spread of infection through things and a third person is not observed.
Infants are rarely affected by rubella. The greatest number of diseases falls on the age of 2 to 10 years. Symptoms of rubella in children are here.
There are also diseases among adults .Rubella is especially dangerous for women in the first months of pregnancy, as it can cause fetal damage( stillbirth, congenital deafness, microcephaly and other malformations).
In , adult rubella occurs more intensively: causes astenovegetative syndrome, migraine, a significant increase in body temperature, pain in the muscles and joints, photophobia and lacrimation, conjunctivitis.
In men, there is some soreness in the testicles. To be frightened of it it is not necessary - the pain will disappear at once after the man will recover. No negative consequences this pain for itself does not involve. And in order to alleviate the pain, a strict bed rest is needed.
There are no major epidemic outbreaks of rubella;it is less contagious than measles. Usually there are isolated cases or a few focal diseases.
The incubation period lasts 10-20, more often 12-14 days. Prodromal phenomena are absent, or are expressed by a slight catarrhal condition of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract( conjunctivitis, runny nose, cough).Rash with rubella begins with the scalp, face and neck, covers the entire body in one day;it is finely svelte, not towering above the surface of the skin, pale pinkish.
After a few hours, it spreads throughout the body, covering more extensively the extensor surfaces of the limbs, back, buttocks. The rash remains for 3-4 days, and then disappears without leaving any scaling or pigmentation.
The temperature is normal or for 2-3 days is kept on the low-grade figures.
Rubella is characterized by an increase in the occipital and posterior cervical, often also of the ulnar lymph glands.
Sometimes rubella occurs with fever, coarse rash and moderate catarrhal phenomena. On the oral mucosa may be enanthema in the form of small pink spots. Rubella, which has joined other infectious diseases( scarlet fever, diphtheria, etc.), as well as with joint flow with serum sickness can give a more severe course.
In the blood there is leukopenia( 3000-4000 in 1 mm3), relative lymphocytosis, an increase in the number of plasma cells.
Complications( arthritis, encephalitis, myelitis, nephritis) are rare. After the transferred disease, there is a persistent immunity.
Rubella is easy to mix with measles. Rubella is characterized by the absence of general phenomena, the absence or weakly expressed catarrhal phenomena( the child does not sneeze, there is no coarse cough, photophobia), rapid spread and small-staple nature of the rash, an increase in the occipital glands. However, light forms of measles, especially measles from vaccinated, are often mistaken for rubella.
In all cases of doubt, immediate prophylaxis for Degquic and other measles preventive measures are necessary. This especially applies to children's institutions.
The reason for the errors in the diagnosis of rubella can be, besides measles, also serum sickness, infectious erythema and other types of erythema, proceeding, depending on the nature of these erites, then with fever, then without fever.
With the so-called scarlet fever rubella flowing with the syndrome of light scarlet fever, in view of the fact that it is often confused with scarlet fever, it is necessary to carry out anti-epidemic measures, mandatory for scarlet fever. It is necessary to isolate the patient not in the scarlet fever, but in the isolator.
Diagnosis of .The diagnosis of rubella is based on clinical data and blood test results.
Treatment of for rubella is not required.
Patients comply with bed rest for 2-3 days. When complicating encephalitis, steroid hormones are prescribed. How to use folk remedies for rubella look here.
Prevention. The patient is exposed to isolation until the 4th day after the rash.
It is necessary to protect pregnant women, who did not suffer from rubella, from contact with patients with this infection. If the pregnant woman already fell ill with rubella or was in contact with the patient, it is recommended to enter her gamma globulin( 10-20 ml) for the prevention of fetal damage.