Than the hematoma of the brain is dangerous: symptoms, treatment and possible complications

Brain hematoma is a pathology that can threaten the lives of patients, so the emergence of this condition requires immediate intervention by physicians, because only in this case it is possible to prevent the occurrence of complications.

The human brain is located in the skull and is surrounded by a special protective fluid, which prevents its injury. But there are cases when the impact force is so great that the cerebrospinal fluid( cerebrospinal fluid) can not fully protect the brain, which is sharply shaken and can hit the walls of the skull, which causes the development of a variety of brain injuries.

In this case, blood vessels can be damaged, both in the brain itself and in the vessels that are located between the substance of the brain and the skull, resulting in the development of brain hematomas.
At the first symptoms of brain hematoma, you should immediately go to a medical facility, since such trauma is the accumulation of blood clotting the brain tissue, causing the corresponding clinic. In some cases, the formed hematoma of the brain requires immediate surgical intervention, although with small bruises, surgical treatment should be performed last, with inefficiency( insufficient effectiveness) of conservative measures.

Causes of pathology

The cause of an intracerebral hemorrhage is head trauma, which can be obtained, for example, in a car accident, although it must be said that in some cases this pathology can develop with head shots that at first glance seem insignificant. This pattern is especially clear in elderly people - they have brain hematoma often develop even with minor strokes in the head. Among the provoking factors can be called:

• vascular damage, which lead to arteriovenous malformation and aneurysms;
• constant increase in blood pressure;
• neurological pathology;
• liver disease;
• reception of anticoagulants;
• autoimmune disorders in the body;
• blood diseases, which disrupt its normal coagulation - hemophilia, leukemia, a specific type of anemia - sickle cell form;
• brain hematoma in newborns is most often the result of complicated birth and trauma during the passage of the birth canal of a woman.

Types of hematomas in the brain

This disease is of three types: subdural, epidural and intracerebral, which is the accumulation of blood directly in the brain tissue. Subdural hematoma, which occurs when blood vessels are ruptured( in most cases veins), is localized between the membranes of the brain and is considered a serious lesion, potentially posing a threat to the lives of patients. Between the two sheets of the meninges, most often between the hard and soft, a localized accumulation of blood forms - it manifests itself as a pronounced and progressive fading of consciousness.

There are several risk groups among the population who most often develop this type of ailment: people who abuse aspirin, take anticoagulants for a long time or use excessive amounts of alcohol. I must say that subdural hematoma of the brain in most cases is registered in very young patients and people who have already reached advanced age.

Epidural hematoma is often recorded in children and adolescents, characterized by a high mortality rate with untimely medical care. Often the patients remain conscious, but they are drowsy or in a coma. With this type of disease, the blood that accumulates between the skull and the hard shell of the brain, strongly compresses the brain tissue, therefore requires immediate therapy.

Intracerebral hematoma( intraparenchymatous form) occurs when blood enters the brain tissue and gradually penetrates them. With this hematoma, a white substance is damaged, neural connections are broken, namely, neurites responsible for the transfer of nerve impulses from the brain to the executive organs are damaged, so the nerve cells in different parts of the body are unable to interact - the integrity of the nerve regulation of all processes in the body is violated.

Main clinical symptoms of intracranial hematomas

The clinical picture of this lesion can develop immediately after a head injury or a short time after that - that's why the patient should be examined if there is a suspicion of intracranial hematoma, not only immediately after the injury, but also after some time after it. With the accumulation of blood, the pressure of this formation arises on the structures of the brain, the strength of which progressively increases, which causes the development of the following complaints:

• headache accompanied by nausea, there may also be vomiting;
• dizziness;
• victims are sleepy, their minds are confused;
• patients are disrupted speech, in some cases they can not talk at all;
• there is a difference in the size of the pupils;
• in the limbs of one half of the body the patient feels a sharp weakness.

If a significant amount of blood accumulates in the brain, it causes the development of lethargy, seizures and coma. It should be noted that the signs of brain hematoma may not manifest immediately, therefore, you need to carefully monitor the physical, mental, and emotional state of patients who have suffered head injuries of any strength.

Therapy

Regardless of the type of hematoma, the patient needs careful care by medical personnel. The treatment is determined taking into account the magnitude of the disease, the severity of clinical signs and the condition of patients after MRI and CT.

So, if the hematomas are small in size and do not cause any symptoms in patients, then diuretics and corticosteroids are prescribed, which allows controlling cerebral edema. Hematomas of this kind do not remove. But, unfortunately, quite often the treatment of hematomas of the brain includes operational methods. The type of operation depends on the nature of the hematoma.

If the blood is localized in one place and does not fold too quickly, a special opening in the skull can be made through which pathological masses can suck. At large sizes, hematoma shows trepanation of the part of the skull at which the hematoma can be completely removed. In some cases, trepanation and clipping of damaged vessels is performed. Simultaneously, resuscitation measures and maintain the state of vital body functions.

The consequences of hematomas of the brain can be very diverse. Most often, asthenia develops - chronic fatigue, as well as increased sensitivity before changing weather( especially atmospheric pressure).There is increased irritability or tearfulness. Less often there may be neuroses and psychoses, as well as traumatic dementia, so you need to seek medical help in time, even if the victim feels well immediately after the injury.