Breast cyst: symptoms, treatment, causes

What is it and how to treat it? Experts of the World Health Organization define this condition.

A mammary gland is called a kind of cystic fibrosis mastopathy, in which the normal relationship between the epithelium and the connective tissue is disturbed.

Cysts are an actual disease, which is associated with a risk of malignancy( malignancy).So, according to statistics, breast cancer is the most common oncological disease of women( ranks first).

Various mastopathies, which include the breast cyst, significantly increase this risk. In addition, this pathology is diagnosed in almost 60-80% of women who are in reproductive age.

Causes of

Cyst is a dyshormonal disease, with violations affecting not only sexual regulation, but extragenital.

They can affect both the hypothalamic-pituitary system, and the adrenal glands, the thyroid gland, and the ovaries. In this case, the violation of the liver, in which the utilization of biologically active hormones occurs after a certain period, also predisposes to mastopathy.

Thus, hormonal influences play a big role in the development of this pathology:

1. 1) Estrogens contribute to the development of ducts in the mammary gland, which is accompanied by their lengthening. In addition, there is hypertrophy of the stromal component. As a result, all conditions are created for inflection of ducts and their subsequent blockage, which leads to the formation of cystic formation. When the bacterial flora is attached, galactophoryte develops, that is, inflammation of the duct. It should be noted that the appearance of pain is also associated with an increased estrogen content. This hormone leads to an increased intake of sodium into the cell and, as a consequence, delays the fluid. This also causes irritation of sensitive nerve receptors.
   
2. 2) Increased progesterone is accompanied by an expansion of the alveolar component. In the second phase of the menstrual cycle, this hormone leads to swelling of the cells due to fluid retention, which is an additional factor leading to pain syndrome.
   
3. 3) Prolactin causes the formation and subsequent release of milk
   
4. 4) Thyroid hormones determine the possibility of the formation of receptors in breast tissue that perceive certain growth factors. This is accompanied by the growth of both the epithelial and the stromal component. Also, these hormones lead to increased formation of steroids( estrogens and androgens)
   
5. 5) Adrenal corticosteroid substances stimulate additional formation of receptors for prolactin in the mammary gland, and also activate the division of epithelial cells
   
6. 6) Insulin with all synergistic hormones leads to enhanced formation of
   
7. 7) Prostaglandins - biologically active substances that have a physiological effect in the place of formation, lead to a violation of electrolyte balance, changevascular permeability in the tissues of the breast.

In view of the above, the following predisposing factors that increase the likelihood of development of the cysts of the breast are distinguished:

• later becoming menarche( the first menstruation)
  
• early or late onset of menopause
  
• infertility
  
• miscarriage in history
  
• birth parity( large number of them)
  
• age-primitive
  
• largefetus( more than 4000 g)
  
• long or short period of breastfeeding
  
• myoma of the uterus
  
• ovarian cysts
  
• endometriosis
  
• polycystic ovary
  
• atology of the thyroid gland

Symptoms of the breast cyst

The mammary gland cyst for a long time is asymptomatic.

Therefore, early diagnosis is possible only in case of breast self-examination, which every woman should be able to do. However, in time, clinical signs such as

• pain of varying severity, with their intensification in the second phase of the menstrual cycle
  
• at the same time there are headaches, irritability, swelling and minor pain in the lower abdominal parts of the
  
• . Sometimes milk or colostrum
  
• may have a seal in the mammary gland from the nipple.

Diagnosis

Establishing an accurate diagnosis of cystic education involves additional research methods.

These include the following:

1. 1) Mammography - X-ray of the breast. With its help, it is possible to conduct a dynamic assessment of the size of the cysts, determine the optimal location for their puncture, etc. Due to the high accuracy of this method, it is recommended to all women over 45 when the risk of breast cancer increases several fold
   
2. 2) Ultrasound examination, which, unlike the previous one, does not carry radiation, so it is recommended to women under 30 years of age, as well as pregnant women. However, in doubtful cases, preference should still be given to X-ray methods of
   
3. 3) Computer tomography
   
4. 4) Cytological examination of the material obtained from puncture. It allows for differential diagnosis between a benign and malignant process, but still with a certain degree of probability.

The final diagnosis between these neoplasms can only be established based on the results of the morphological examination( a biopsy is performed).

Complications of

Untimely diagnosis and delayed treatment of breast cysts leads to the development of various complications, including:

• breast cancer - the most formidable complication
  
• galactophoryitis - inflammation of the excretory duct of the lobule of the breast
  
• mastitis is inflammation of the entire mammary gland.

How to treat a bust of the breast

Currently, there are no unified recommendations for the treatment of mammary gland cysts.

However, both conservative therapy and surgical method are distinguished. The latter is preferred over large cysts, when there is no certainty of its regression under the influence of medications.

Conservative therapy is based on elucidating the possible causes that led to this pathological condition. In the future, if possible, they are eliminated, and also the hormonal background normalizes. Therefore, the main place in the treatment is hormonal therapy.

Intensive vitamin therapy is also carried out, which allows further normalizing the hormonal balance. To combat pain syndrome against the background of the cyst, the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that restore the balance of prostaglandins is indicated.

The intake of hormonal drugs for the treatment of this disease should be long( from several months to a year).To this end, any pharmacological agents from the following groups can be assigned:

1. 1) Antiestrogens that reduce the level of binding of estrogens to
   
2. receptors 2) Plant and synthetic drugs that block the synthesis of prolactin( Dostinex, Bromocriptine, Mastodinone and others)
   
3. 3) Antigonadotropins( Danazol)
   
4. 4) Analogues of gonadoliberins( Buserelin, Goserelin and others)
   
5. 5) Drugs for hormone replacement therapy with reduced estrogen content( Livial)
   
6. 6) Gestagens - natural and si(Duphaston, Depot-Provera).

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