Children's clothing and footwear
The basic requirement for children's clothing after a year is its rationality. Clothing should first of all provide the child with a sense of comfort and a favorable microclimate. Aesthetic requirements for children's clothing, although they are high, remain in second place. Choosing clothes for children, parents should pay attention not only to its appearance. In the first place should be placed thermal properties, convenience of cut, lightness. Clothing should not restrict the movement of the child, disrupt the physiological functions of the skin and remove from its surface the products of metabolism. Fabrics from which baby clothes are made must be breathable, hygroscopic( able to easily absorb water and water vapor), do not lose these positive qualities and attractive appearance after repeated washing and ironing. These requirements are most satisfied with cotton fabrics, suitable for both upper room clothes and children's underwear.
Since the second year of life, the underwear and outerwear of the baby are becoming more and more similar to the wardrobe. The child wears shirts, panties, tights, shirts, blouses, suits, jackets, coats, fur coats, etc.
All these items are usually bought at children's clothing stores. When choosing them, it is advisable to be guided by the following considerations. It is desirable that the underwear for the baby is knitted or from a thin soft cloth..In both cases, it should be cotton, freely cut, without unnecessary details of dyeing.
The upper dress for children can have a variety of sleep, but it must correspond to the growth of the baby, do not have tight collars, cuffs, easily and quickly dress and remove, be made of bright fabrics.
Until a year and a half, girls, as well as boys, it is advisable to put on panties and blouses, as the dress makes walking and crawling difficult. Bending over the toy, the child will step on the hem, running, can catch on to something. To buy for small special festive clothes is inexpedient, as they grow quickly and stored for holidays clothes soon becomes small. By the holiday it is better to buy a baby inexpensive, but a new beautiful dress, shirt, panties, so that after the holiday they could be worn every day.
The child does not need expensive suits at all, in which he is not allowed to play on the floor or in a box with sand, climb the ladder and slide off the hill, fiddle with objects that can damage or contaminate clothing. Children's clothing should be good and easy to wear, so that the child is not afraid to get dirty. The clothes of toddlers, as well as preschool age, are not recommended to be washed with synthetic washing powders, which are difficult to rinse out and can cause various skin diseases of children of an allergic nature. It is better to use ordinary laundry soap for washing. Children's underwear, even bedding, should not be starched, as it becomes stiff, less air-permeable and hygroscopic.
Outdoor clothing should be made from lightweight woolen fabrics, as well as from cotton or woolen knitwear. The latter is light, elastic, well retains heat. The thermal properties of clothing are higher if it consists of several layers. In such cases, heat loss is also prevented by air layers between its individual layers. Therefore, two thin shirts better keep the heat than one thick. In this regard, it should be borne in mind that an extra piece of even a very thin shirt on the child can lead to its overheating.
For young children, the most comfortable clothing for the street is a coverall. He does not restrict the movements of the baby, it is convenient to play. The water-repellent fabric, from which its top is sewn, not only prevents from getting wet, but also delays the wind. The overall is easy to clean.
Currently, children have enough clothes. And children's doctors are seriously concerned about the problem of the frequent overheating of children in connection with excessive muffling. Modern apartments are so warm that a child can be in one shirt, and he is put on three. On the street you will often see a child as round as a bun. More than half of the volume of this "ball" is clothing, the baby can not move normally, it is very easy to overheat, sweats and gets cold, despite a heap of clothes.
For walking on the street the baby should be worn unconditionally in the weather. Clothing for walking on a winter day should be multi-layered. The first layer is the dress or shirt that the child wears in the apartment, the second is a woolen blouse or sweater and pants, the third is a coat or a fur coat. If you do not wear a wool blouse, the baby will feel cold back. When 2-3 blouses are worn, the child overheats.
When dressing a child for a walk, you should consider how much it is mobile. Children under two years of age, who do not move much during the walk, should wear a fur coat or a warm coat. If the baby is very mobile, he can walk in a warm suit even in cold weather, but at the same time he must remain in motion all the time.
When dressing a child for a walk, parents should take into account not only the temperature of the air, but also other meteorological factors, in particular the strength of the wind. On a calm day, a child dressed as indicated above can, but is overcooled, be in the air for an hour and a half even at a freezing temperature of 20 °, but it can freeze with less frost( 11-12 °), accompanied by a strong wind.
It is always dangerous to be guided only by one's own temperature sensations, because the child perceives the temperature of the environment differently. It is best to monitor his state of health. When the baby is cold, he does not play fun, but becomes inactive, cringes;when it is hot, capricious, languishing.
Separately, it should be said about the scarf. Its purpose is to protect the neck from rubbing with rough clothes or to cover it in the cold season, when the outer clothing because of its shape( chalice collar, large incision, etc.) can not do this. A child's coat always provides a deaf neck protection, and a scarf is not needed for it. However, many mothers raise their fur collar and tie a scarf over it. Often, the mouth and nose of the child are closed. There is a second( ladies') option. Boys and girls are tied with a warm kerchief over their hats, so that only their eyes are not closed. The third option: a fur cap is put on a cap and handkerchief, the ends of which are tied around the neck. All this, on the contrary, contributes to the cold of the child. Scarves and scarves, tightly wound around the neck, not only warm, but, moistened with sweat, turn into a warming compress, causing artificial warming of the tissues and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract. Usually, by warming the air, they give him a particle of his heat. It is small, and the influx of fresh blood easily replenishes this loss. When under the influence of a scarf - a warming compress - the mucous membrane overheats, it gives off more heat. And the blood does not have time to warm it up to its previous level. There is a greater than usual loss of heat, excessive cooling of the mucous membranes, i.e., a phenomenon called the common cold. Thus, you can catch a cold by inhaling very cold air or not very cold if the neck is overheated.
There is one more circumstance. When the skin of the neck is cool, the loss of heat from the mucous membranes reflexively increases. Therefore children, running from naked. .... and, practically do not catch cold. So, the scarf is an important part of the toilet and you need to use it with knowledge.
The modern child's legs are completely isolated from the environment: long ago, they forgot to walk and plop on the puddles, which so beneficially acted in the body, preventing all colds. It was quite natural tempering procedure. Now we have to specially wash the child's feet with cool water to reduce the danger of their accidental cooling.
Footwear is designed to protect feet from unfavorable environmental conditions: cold, dirt, various damages. The main requirement for it is full compliance with the size and shape of the foot. Children's shoes should be soft, light, have an elastic sole with a low heel. The back of her tightly holds the heel, so she does not move back and forth and does not slip to the toe.
The shoes of the child who started walking should help him in this. In order to keep the arch of the foot unchanged and it correctly became on the floor, it is advisable to wear firm shoes: shoes with strong backs and small heels or boots. Cloth, knitted and soft leather booties - shoes rather symbolic than functional, and it is suitable for stay in the arena. Or bed, but not for the street.
Any footwear should be sufficiently spacious in the area of the fingers, otherwise there will be a deformation of the foot. Determine the size of shoes easily. Suffice it to measure the length of the child's sole by the centimeter.
If the child's shoes are matched correctly, the distance from the end of the thumb to the inner surface of the shoes or shoes should be 0.5-1 cm. This allows the child to move his fingers freely. Choosing shoes, you need to try on her baby on both feet. In this case, the child should not sit, but stand, then the load will fall on the foot of the entire body weight.
The feet of children are growing rapidly. Shoes, from which they grew, squeezing the foot, violates the circulation in it, which negatively affects the normal functioning and development. In this regard, you need to constantly monitor whether the shoes or shoes are squeezing the baby's foot. Big shoes bought for growth are just as harmful as close ones. In addition, it often causes abrasions. With the right selection of shoes it is considered normal to change her child after 6-8 months.
For winter suits footwear from felt, cloth, warm boots or boots can be used. Valenki should be worn only if the frost is high and in no case remain in them indoors, because in their form they do not meet many of the requirements for children's shoes. The same applies to rubber boots. They can only be used in rainy weather or for walking on wet grass. Inside the rubber boots you need to put the cloth insole and put them on top of a woolen socks that absorb moisture well.
As a summer footwear for children, it is advisable to purchase shoes, sandals, sandals made of leather or textile materials. To the child's legs do not overheat, the top of the summer shoes must be laced, this will ensure air circulation and protect the foot from overheating.
Sports footwear has recently become widespread. Some of its types( sneakers, sneakers) are used not only for sports, but also for everyday wear on the street and at home. This is wrong and harmful. Each type of athletic footwear must meet its purpose and be used not permanently, but temporarily, strictly according to its purpose. All kinds of children's shoes should be well attached.
Cotton tights, socks, socks for children have high hygroscopicity. Such products made of synthetic fibers are completely incapable of absorbing moisture, as a result of which their feet sweat, overheat in the summer, and in winter, on the contrary, they cool down more.
It should be borne in mind that the outsole in the new shoe is smooth and small children often slide and fall. To prevent this from happening, it is advisable to rub the sole of new shoes or shoes with a file or sandpaper.
The stop of the newborn often appears flat, because its arch is filled with a fat pad. When the baby begins to crawl and walk, the fat pads decrease. Between the fingers and the heel there is a depression, which depends on the degree of development and tone of the muscles of the legs. When rickets muscle tone falls and during standing, the arch of the foot can decrease. This is clearly seen if you put the baby on a firm flat surface( table).Usually an adult's finger should easily penetrate to the middle of the foot from the inside. If this is difficult, there is a suspicion that the baby's foot is flatter than normal. In such cases, you should seek medical advice from an orthopedist.
The arch of the foot is strengthened if the child wears dense shoes( boots).In addition, there are special exercises that strengthen the arch of the foot. In combination with massage, they have a very effective effect. Both special exercises and massage are taught in the room of physiotherapy exercises for children's polyclinics.
Flattening and associated foot deformation cause a variety of painful sensations with prolonged walking and standing. It itself does not pass.