Transplantation of adult trees
In some cases, there is a need for transplantation of adult fruit trees.
The main conditions for successful transplantation are the preservation of the root roots and their branches, if possible, protecting them from drying, skilful pruning, protecting the bark of the branches of the transplanted trees from drying, providing the transplanted tree with good nutrient soil and leaving.
The integrity of the root system is achieved by correct digging. When digging trees under the age of 15 years, they retreat from the trunk by 150 cm, up to 10 years - by 125 cm, up to 8 years - by 100 cm and digs the earth around the tree at a specified distance in such a way as to dig a tree with a clod of earth. Digging with a clod of earth works well on clay soils;when digging trees on sandy soils, the earth falls from the roots, so they are tied with moistened moss and wrapped in matting.
A plant with a clod of earth is raised from the pit with the help of thick wooden boards, the earth is covered with mats with moss lined, the edges of
are tied around the trunk. Practice is also the plating of the earth's coma with the roots of the boards in the form of a box of truncated, slightly conical shape. When excavating trees from the pit, use hoists with a winch or a crane.
Transplant is carried out in both autumn and spring. Spring transplant has some advantage in that the tree is not exposed to the danger of damage by winter frosts: with good protection of trees from cold, the planting of autumn plantings is better.
In case of spring transplant, advance preparation of trees is applied;In the autumn, the roots of the tree are dug in the form of a coma and they blot out the earth with watering at a temperature of 5 ° C. In the spring, before thawing the coma, the trees are transplanted into pits prepared since autumn.
Fruit trees under the age of 10 years are transplanted in the spring, as soon as the earth is thawed.
To protect the bark of transplanted adult trees from drying, the trunk and main branches are tied with moss and during the summer it is constantly moistened. This strapping is maintained for the winter.
In transplanted adult trees in spring, pruning branches;branches shorten
on two- or three-year-old wood;all unnecessary branching( cross branches, twisted, severely wounded, broken, going inside the crown) and thickened branches cut out.
Transportation of trees with a clod of earth is done in a horizontal position so that the clod of land is facing forward. Loading and unloading is done by moving the tree on boards or using a mobile crane.
When planting to the roots of the tree, a good sod-humus soil is poured. After planting, the tree is fastened on wire braces( from the base of skeletal twigs) to three or more firmly clogged stakes. Under the wire in contact with the barrel, place a birch bark, a thick layer of cardboard, rags, straw, etc.
For the winter, the trees are plowed with earth and overlaid with manure to protect the roots from freezing.