Seed Reproduction of Actinidia
Seeds of actinidia are difficult to germinate due to deep morphophysiological dormancy. The embryo itself is large, but it does not move into growth until a number of biochemical changes take place in the seed. They occur only under conditions of a certain humidity and at a low positive temperature of the order of 0-5 ° C.As a result of the experiments, a certain temperature regime of seed preparation for seeding was selected - the method of fractional stratification.
Freshly picked seeds of berries, washed from the pulp, are first stored in paper bags until November. Before stratification begins, the seeds are soaked for 4 days in water at room temperature, replacing water daily. Seeds are placed in kapron fabric from the stocking, folded envelope. After 4 days of soaking, the seeds are buried in clean washed sand in a box. Fractional stratification is carried out in three periods.
The first period is thermal. A box with seeds is in the room at an air temperature of 18-20 ° C for 2 months. The sand is constantly wet, it is not allowed to dry out. Once a week, the bundle of seeds is taken out, unfolded and leaves the seeds in the air for 5 minutes to ventilate. Then the seeds are again wrapped in a bundle and washed under a stream of water, gently squeezed. It is again put in the sand. The sand in the box is moistened daily.
The second period is cold. Box with seeds wrapped in a rag and buried deep under the snow. The layer of packed snow above the box is not less than 1 m. After 2 months, the box is transferred for seed germination.
The third - the period - the germination. Make a box from under the snow in a cool room at an air temperature of no more than 10-12 ° C.The sand in the box must always be wet. Once a week, the seeds are again 5 minutes aired, washed, buried in the sand. Usually, after 3 weeks, mass seed cracking begins. They start pecking. There is a danger that sprouts can penetrate through the tissue of nylon and later die. Therefore, with the onset of mass cracking, all the seeds
are sown immediately in the prepared seed boxes. The germination of seeds depends on the origin of the specimen and the plant species. It is very important to know that non-observance of the temperature regime at this time leads to the fact that the seeds fall asleep and do not rise. The reason - the introduction of a box with seeds into a warm room above 12 ° C.With the same stratification regime, there are differences in the duration of the germination of seeds from different samples of lianas.
The timing of germination starts from 17 to 33 days after snowing.
When the mass cracking began, the seeds are planted in sowing boxes. To obtain shoots, a mixture of soil with perlite sand in a ratio of 1: 1 is better. Seedlings in this variant had 57.6% survival, 2-3 original leaves 2 weeks after sowing. They exceeded the seedlings on the other soil mixture by the mass of 10 plants and the maximum length of the roots.
The addition of peat and river sand to turf soil led to a decrease in survival. On pure pearlitic sand the seedlings survived well, but then, due to the lack of nutrients, growth gradually ceased.
In the phase of the 2-3rd present leaf seedlings are planted in planting boxes, in cold greenhouses or on ridges. Adding bone meal or potassium chloride to sod soil led to a decrease in survival both in spring in the year of planting, and after wintering. At the same time, the height of the seedlings decreased as compared to the soil without additives.
The introduction of potassium chloride is unacceptable for actinides.