Choose a place for grapes
When choosing a place for planting grapes, it is necessary to take into account the climatic conditions of the area, the way of cultivation of crops, the characteristics of varieties, as well as the size and configuration of the site, the presence of buildings, trees, bushes and, most importantly, the sensitivity of the grape plant to light and heat.
It is advisable to start the work with a site plan, which is on a certain scale, indicating the objects that are on it.
Accounting for climatic conditions is particularly important where severe winters and a lack of active temperatures are observed. This applies to the regions of Russia located to the north and east of the Rostov region( from the Volgograd region to the Moscow, and the Altai and Primorye Territories), Belarus, the Baltic republics, and northern Kazakhstan.
In these areas, the most protected area for planting is a building protected from the north and northeast of the winds by buildings or trees. If the site is not protected, then it is necessary to provide for the arrangement of shields, the planting of trees from the north side, and also to use rocking plants.
When planting grapes on the southern side of the buildings, where along with better lighting, an increased heat balance is provided due to heat dissipation by the wall, the crop ripens on average two weeks earlier than when planted from the north side.
The farther south, the greater the amount of active temperatures, therefore, in areas covered by industrial winegrowing, from the Rostov region to the Republic of Dagestan, the possibilities for selecting a place for grapes are wider. In addition to the side open to the south, here you can use the western and eastern sides. It is desirable that they are protected from cold winds.
In the more southerly areas, if necessary, you can also use the north side.
In areas of uncontaminated viticulture( the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, the southern part of Dagestan, Ukraine, Moldova, Azerbaijan), the choice of a landing site is less dependent on the temperature regime.
Grapes are poorly developed on unventilated and sunlit areas. Incomplete lighting is allowed in the first years of planting in such a way that in the future, the vines will be brought to the illuminated places with the help of the conversation formations or long cordons.
In the presence of trees, the planting site for the grapes should be located more than 2 m away from them to prevent shading of bushes and competition of root systems.
The expediency of taking into account the method of cultivation of grapes is explained by the fact that in this case the issues related to the number of bushes and their placement in the selected area are more specifically solved: the preparation of the site, the combination of one or another method with the "architectural ensemble" of the site and the cultivation of other crops;Overall - with the correctness of the choice of a place for landing.
In the northern areas the most suitable are trellises and ranks, as well as plantings near walls and fences from the southern and western sides. In more southern areas, besides this, gazebos and galleries of grapes are widely distributed.
Kind of wall culture
If the amateur decided to plant grapes at the fence, then a strip of 40-50 cm wide is left along it. It should be noted that under condition of irrigation in the immediate vicinity of future bushes of grapes( about 50 cm), low-such as peas, sorrel, radish, onions, cabbage, beets, carrots, cucumber, dill, beans, tomatoes, pepper, ration, potatoes. Incompatible with grapes high-growth plants - sunflower, corn. They should be placed at a distance of at least 2 m from the extreme row of grapes in order to avoid deterioration of aeration, thermal lighting and feeding of bushes.
Grapes get along well with many shrubs and ornamental plants( currants, gooseberries, roses, peonies, tulips, strawberries, etc.), but it does not tolerate the neighborhood with walnut, poplar and other tree species that have a powerful root system, stronglythey dry up the soil and obscure a large space.
You should not plant grapes in the shade, as well as in manure pits, calcareous pits, as well as in places where coal slag, various garbage, sewage are dropped.
With a walled culture, the seats should be at a distance no closer than 0.5-1.5 m from the walls to avoid their precipitation due to watering. The bushes are brought to the wall by laying the layers.
Shpalerno-ordinary plantings are placed on the site by a separate array. Basically, the ranks are sent from north to south for the best use of heat, and in areas with hot summers - from west to east for mutual shading of bushes and prevention of burns. In the northern regions, one or two rows of currant should be planted through one row of grapes. This ensures uniform snow retention on the site and helps protect the roots of the grapes from frost damage. Planted black currant one to two years before planting the grapes.
When planning a gazebo in the courtyard, on one side of which there will be a wall or veranda, the landing strip from the house is left at a distance of 2.5-6 m or more, depending on whether the bushes will be sheltered for the winter or not( in ungreened culture, the distance must be moreto create a powerful bush skeleton).
Pavilions can be of various shapes( round, oval, quadrangular, polyhedral) and with a variety of coatings( flat, domed, cone-shaped).Their dimensions depend on the desire of the amateur horticulturist and the size of the free area.
An arch, gallery or alley is best arranged from the gate to the front doors of the house or along the garden path leading to the utility rooms. The planting pattern( the distance between the bushes) is set taking into account the variety and formation.
After finding out where and how grape will be cultivated, this information is plotted on the site plan, drawn in advance. After determining the landing site, it is necessary to carefully prepare the plot, to treat the soil.