Down Syndrome

Down's syndrome( disease) has a rather high prevalence: 120-140 children per 100,000 newborns. The incidence of this syndrome affects the age of the mother. At the age of a woman over 45, the probability of having a child with this pathology increases to 8,300 per 100,000 newborns, in other words, the risk of the disease increases tens of times. Down syndrome occurs with equal frequency in both female and male children.

Currently, there is a decrease in the incidence of this disease due to a decrease in the number of old-mothers.

The onset of the disease is associated with the non-divergence of 21 chromosomes, mostly of the mother

.The non-divergence of the paternal chromosomes is 5 times less common.

Clinical manifestations of Down's disease

The manifestations of the disease are quite diverse: there are disorders in the psyche, various malformations, there may be immunodeficiency( defective defenses of the body) condition.

Immunodeficiency states are secondary, as they develop against a background of avitaminosis, congenital inferiority of enzyme systems, and against a background of reduced cellular and humoral immunity. Humoral immunity is a nonspecific anti-infective protection, consisting of a variety of proteins found in the blood and other body fluids. At the time of the birth of a child with Down's syndrome, the diagnosis of

in 100% cases is established in the first days after birth. It is characterized by a round flattened face, eyes with a Mongoloid incision, the ears are usually deformed and have an irregular shape. The tongue is larger than normal, so it does not fit in the mouth, due to which the mouth is constantly ajar.

From the side of the cardiovascular system, the following pathology is often revealed: defect of interatrial or interventricular septum, anomalies in the structure of large blood vessels.

From the musculoskeletal system it is noted, instability of the joints, decrease in the tonus of the muscular system. The special feature is that the hands are wide and short. One of the main reliable manifestations of the disease is the presence of a monkey fold on the palm of the hand, two folds on the little finger, instead of three, observed in the norm.

Very often there is a lag in growth and physical development. Children have low growth, the formation of the mental sphere largely depends on their education. Studying with children on specially created programs, you can achieve quite good results: patients with Down's syndrome are able to master simple professions and even are able to lead an independent life.

The presence of significant changes in the internal organs often leads to death in the first years of life.

The treatment of Down's Syndrome is reduced to general and surgical interventions. Surgical intervention in some cases allows you to eliminate pathology from the internal organs. Of the general measures recommended bracing therapy, vitamins, enhanced nutrition. It is very important to ensure a protective regime for children. Great importance for the social adaptation of sick children has regular and regular lessons on special programs.